{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:29:12Z","timestamp":1785738552863,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aims:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In clinical practice, herbal medicines have played an important role in the modulation of drug transporters through the combination of conventional prescription drugs, which necessitates the elucidation of herb-drug interactions. The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of benzaldehyde, vanillin, muscone, and borneol on P-glycoprotein (P-gp). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The effects of the 4 compounds on the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 (Rho-123) in vinblastine-treated Caco-2 (VB-Caco-2) cells were studied by monitoring fluorescence intensity through a flow cytometry assay, and the effects of these compounds on Rho-123 transport through VB-Caco-2 monolayers and Rho-123 intestinal absorption in the rat everted gut sac were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, P-gp expression in VB-Caco-2 cells was assessed using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, and the relative ABCB1 mRNA level was determined by Real-time RT-PCR. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Key Findings:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The results showed that benzaldehyde, vanillin, muscone, and borneol significantly increased Rho-123 uptake in VB-Caco-2 cells, increased the absorption rate and apparent permeability coefficient of Rho-123 in rat jejunum and ileum, and decreased the efflux ratio of Rho-123 from 6.52 to less than 2 during transport across VB-Caco-2 cell monolayers. In addition, these compounds reduced the protein and ABCB1 mRNA levels of P-gp in VB-Caco-2 cells. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; These data indicate that benzaldehyde, vanillin, muscone and borneol could effectively reverse multidrug resistance via inhibiting the P-gp function and expression pathway. The data provide fodder for further investigation into the interaction between the 4 compounds and other drugs transported by P-gp.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000487144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]],"date-time":"2018-03-02T22:08:21Z","timestamp":1520028501000},"page":"269-277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Inhibitory Effects of Benzaldehyde, Vanillin, Muscone and Borneol on P-Glycoprotein in Caco-2 Cells and Everted Gut 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