{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:39:32Z","timestamp":1782387572605,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Skin Pharmacol Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background\/Aims:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Actinic keratosis area and severity index (AKASI) is a new assessment tool to quantify the severity of actinic damage on the head. Thus far, it has not been evaluated in monitoring the efficacy of field-directed topical treatments in actinic keratosis (AK) in routine clinical practice. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine treatment outcomes by using AKASI 3 months after the initiation of topical application of diclofenac sodium 3% in hyaluronic acid 2.5% gel (DFS) in patients with AKs on the head. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with AKs who had AKASI scores prior to and after treatment with DFS. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Of the 24 patients included, 20 (83.3%) showed an improvement in AKASI, 2 (8.3%) a stable AKASI, and 2 (8.3%) a worsening of AKASI after a median (interquartile range) follow-up period of 91.5 days (89.8\u2013104.3). The median AKASI reduction was 31.4% (16.7\u201359.1). The Wilcoxon test showed significant differences (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.0008) between baseline and posttreatment AKASI values. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; AKASI is an easy-to-use quantitative tool for assessing the treatment outcome of field-directed therapies. Field-directed therapies of AK should no longer be monitored by assessments based on lesion counts alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000488248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T21:01:24Z","timestamp":1527109284000},"page":"206-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diclofenac Sodium 3% in Hyaluronic Acid 2.5% Gel Significantly Diminishes the Actinic Keratosis Area and Severity Index"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9627-2179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lutz","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc\u00a0Hanno","family":"Segert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricarda","family":"Kost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Sternberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"Gambichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eggert","family":"Stockfleth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Dirschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.09.052"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.103339"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.103342"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2008.0514"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70113-G"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33952"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13626"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14267"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365070"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-016-0166-x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04005.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13180"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05776.x"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2014.2265"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0960.2002.00635.x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04561.x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2001.01324.x"}],"container-title":["Skin Pharmacology and Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/488248","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/488248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:50:52Z","timestamp":1745427052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000488248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000488248","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-5527","1660-5535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-5527","type":"print"},{"value":"1660-5535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}