{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T01:01:32Z","timestamp":1778979692501,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Visc Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Increasing evidence reveals a close and reciprocal link between acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and immunodysfunction. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A literature search in PubMed and abstract databases of relevant congresses was performed. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Important characteristics of liver cirrhosis like tissue hypoxia, cell death, or bacterial translocation maintain a state of chronic inflammation. Precipitating events of ACLF such as infections or alcoholic hepatitis are capable of strongly augmenting cirrhosis-associated systemic inflammation to grades sufficient to induce ACLF-defining organ failures. Chronic systemic inflammation, however, is causally linked to profound immunosuppression. As a consequence, patients with liver cirrhosis and in particular with ACLF are at high risk for severe infections. Promising strategies to ameliorate immunodysfunction, like albumin substitution, administration of recombinant interleukin-22 or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, antibiotic prophylaxis, or anticoagulation, are under development and offer the chance to specifically prevent and treat ACLF. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A better understanding of the immunopathology of ACLF will likely translate into the implementation of specific therapeutic modalities to prevent and overcome ACLF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000488690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]],"date-time":"2018-07-02T21:04:33Z","timestamp":1530565473000},"page":"276-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Immunodysfunction in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Christian M.","family":"Lange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]]},"container-title":["Visceral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/488690","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/488690","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:21:08Z","timestamp":1745425268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000488690"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000488690","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-4725","2297-475X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-4725","type":"print"},{"value":"2297-475X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}