{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:53:17Z","timestamp":1790553197925,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Aims:<\/i><\/b> The purpose of this paper was to determine the lacrimal concentration of IL-1\u03b1 and MMP-9 in patients with active ocular rosacea before and after systemic treatment with azithromycin or doxycycline. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> After 4 weeks of therapy with azithromycin (500 mg\/day, 3 days a week PO) or doxycycline (200 mg\/day PO), lacrimal samples were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay multiplex. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> There was a significant difference between baseline IL-1\u03b1 (37.9 pg\/mL) and MMP-9 (26.7 ng\/mL) in rosacea eyes compared to controls (0.001 pg\/mL for IL-1\u03b1 and 0.2 ng\/mL for MMP-9) (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001). IL-1\u03b1 decreased from 47.0 pg\/mL before azithromycin to 23.5 pg\/mL after treatment (<i>p<\/i> = 0.024), but not after doxycycline therapy. On the contrary, baseline MMP-9 tear levels (10.28 ng\/mL) decreased after treatment (8.36 pg\/mL) with doxycycline (<i>p<\/i> = 0.054) but not with azithromycin. There was a strong clinical correlation of higher baseline IL-1\u03b1 tear levels between patients who responded to doxycycline therapy and those who failed (<i>p<\/i> = 0.043). Patients unresponsive to azithromycin had significantly higher baseline MMP-9 levels than those with doxycycline (<i>p<\/i> = 0.040). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> While IL-1\u03b1 levels decreased after azithromycin therapy, MMP-9 did so after doxycycline treatment. Baseline cytokine tear levels tend to be markedly elevated in patients with antibiotic failure, suggesting their potential role as therapeutic biomarkers for the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000489092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T21:01:22Z","timestamp":1528318882000},"page":"109-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["IL-1\u03b1 and MMP-9 Tear Levels of Patients with Active Ocular Rosacea before and after Treatment with Systemic Azithromycin or Doxycycline"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Lorena","family":"Lam-Franco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yocanxochitl","family":"Perfecto-Avalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz\u00a0E.","family":"Pati\u00f1o-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1419-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u00a0Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32403-X"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30014-1"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.8.1850705"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E282"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-0212-3"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120625"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2011.7"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318293764c"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2011.4"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2011.2"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03445.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305410"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210901900504"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.5295"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/489092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/489092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:26:01Z","timestamp":1745425561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000489092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000489092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-3747","1423-0259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-3747","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}