{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:51:50Z","timestamp":1792554710986,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Diabetes mellitus is a possible risk factor for the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), yet the effect of antidiabetic therapy on the course of IPF is unknown. <b><i>Objectives:<\/i><\/b> This post hoc analysis assessed the effect of metformin on clinically relevant outcomes in patients with IPF. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> For the primary analysis, patients randomized to placebo (<i>n<\/i> = 624) in 3 phase 3, double-blind, controlled trials of pirfenidone (CAPACITY [NCT00287716 and NCT00287729]; ASCEND [NCT01366209]) were categorized by baseline metformin use. The primary outcome was disease progression (forced vital capacity [FVC] decline \u226510%, 6-min walking distance [6MWD] decline \u226550 m, or death). Other outcomes included mortality, hospitalization, FVC decline (\u226510 and \u22655%), and 6MWD decline. Outcomes were also assessed in patients with diabetes and\/or hyperglycemia (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and diabetes population [IGT-diabetes population]) and all patients included in the 3 studies (intention-to-treat [ITT] population). <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Overall, 71 (11.4%) patients were metformin users and 553 (88.6%) were nonmetformin users. Baseline data were similar between groups, except for a higher percentage of males (84.5 vs. 73.2%) and a history of diabetes (98.6 vs. 11.6%) in metformin users versus nonmetformin users. The unadjusted 1-year analyses demonstrated no significant differences in disease progression or other outcomes. A higher proportion of metformin users compared with nonmetformin users had a relative FVC decline of \u22655% (63.4 vs. 50.6%, <i>p<\/i> = 0.043). Results were similar for the IGT-diabetes population and for the ITT population. Multivariable analyses yielded similar results. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Metformin has no effect on clinically relevant outcomes in patients with IPF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000489668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T21:01:34Z","timestamp":1532034094000},"page":"314-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Metformin Does Not Affect Clinically Relevant Outcomes in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Spagnolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kreuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toby\u00a0M.","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Wuyts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7579-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Bonella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamera\u00a0J.","family":"Corte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Weycker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Uwe","family":"Kirchgaessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher\u00a0J.","family":"Ryerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]]},"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/489668","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/489668","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:31:48Z","timestamp":1745425908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000489668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000489668","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.6839906","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}