{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:25:32Z","timestamp":1772771132517,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Immune dysregulation has been hypothesized to be important in the development and pathophysiology of compulsive disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), which has a high comorbid overlap with trichotillomania (both are OC-related disorders). The role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of trichotillomania has garnered little research to date. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Individuals with trichotillomania provided saliva sample for analysis of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, these participants were examined on a variety of demographic variables (including body mass index [BMI], previously found to relate to inflammation) along with clinical measures (symptom severity, functioning, and comorbidity). <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Thirty-one participants, mean age of 24.7 (\u00b110.2) years, 27 (87.1%) females were \u00adincluded. The mean score on the Massachusetts General\u00a0Hospital Hair Pulling Scale was 15.7 (\u00b14.2), reflective of moderate symptom severity. Compared to normative data, the\u00a0mean inflammatory marker levels in the trichotillomania\u00a0sample\u00a0had the following Z scores: interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) <i>Z<\/i>\u00a0= \u20130.26, IL-6 <i>Z<\/i>\u00a0= \u20130.39, IL-8 <i>Z<\/i>\u00a0= \u20130.32, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 <i>Z<\/i> =\u00a0\u20130.83. Levels of inflammatory markers did not correlate significantly with BMI, depressive mood, symptom severity, or disability. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> The relatively low level of inflammatory saliva cytokines observed in the current study (negative z scores versus normative data with medium effect sizes) indicates that evaluation of blood inflammatory levels in trichotillomania versus matched controls would be valuable in future work. If a hypoinflammatory state is confirmed \u00adusing blood samples, this would differentiate trichotillomania from other mental disorders (such as OCD, schizophrenia, and depression), which have typically been linked with high inflammatory measures in the literature, at least in some cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000489865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T21:01:20Z","timestamp":1529442080000},"page":"182-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Salivary Inflammatory Markers in Trichotillomania: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Jon\u00a0E.","family":"Grant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel\u00a0R.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15111432"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852913000564"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.11.013"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0272-0"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1567"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00233-0"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(96)00047-4"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/65704"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00210.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00122-9"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx199"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.66"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/246178"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2017.03.006"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000289003"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000289004"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00678.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.04.008"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.09.016"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2016.12.001"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.050"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445508326260"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000912"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084159"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/489865","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/489865","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:33:35Z","timestamp":1745426015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000489865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000489865","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0302-282X","1423-0224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0302-282X","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}