{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:47:46Z","timestamp":1792601266035,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gerontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Specific dual-task (DT) training is effective to improve DT performance in trained tasks in patients with dementia (PwD). However, it remains an open research question whether successfully trained DTs show a transfer effect to untrained DT performances. <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> To examine transfer effects and the sustainability of a specific DT training in PwD. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> One hundred and five patients with mild-to-moderate dementia (Mini-Mental State Examination: 21.9 \u00b1 2.8 points) participated in a 10-week randomized, controlled trial. The intervention group (IG) underwent a specific DT training (\u201cwalking and counting\u201d). The control group (CG) performed unspecific low-intensity exercise. DT performance was measured under three conditions: (1) \u201cwalking and counting\u201d (trained); (2) \u201cwalking and verbal fluency\u201d (semi-trained), and (3) \u201cstrength and verbal fluency\u201d (untrained). Outcomes evaluated at baseline, after training, and 3 months after the intervention period included absolute values for the motor and cognitive performance under DT conditions, and relative DT costs (DTCs) in motor, cognitive and combined motor-cognitive performance. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The IG significantly improved DT performances in the trained condition for absolute motor and cognitive performance and for motor, cognitive, and combined motor-cognitive DTCs compared to the CG (<i>p<\/i> \u2264 0.001\u20130.047; <i>\u03b7p<\/i><sup>2<\/sup> = 0.044\u20130.249). Significant transfer effects were found in the semi-trained condition for absolute motor and partly cognitive performance, and for motor but not for cognitive DTCs, and only partly for combined DTCs (<i>p<\/i> \u2264 0.001\u20130.041<i>;<\/i> <i>\u03b7p<\/i><sup>2<\/sup> = 0.049\u20130.150). No significant transfer effects were found in the untrained condition. Three months after training cessation, DT performance in the trained condition was still elevated for most of the outcomes (<i>p<\/i> \u2264 0.001\u20130.038; <i>\u03b7p<\/i><sup>2<\/sup> = 0.058\u20130.187). Training gains in the DT performance in the semi-trained condition were, however, not sustained, and no significant group differences were found in the DT performance in the untrained condition after the follow-up. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> This study confirmed that specific DT training is effective in improving specifically trained DT performances in PwD and demonstrated sustainability of training-induced effects for at least 3 months. Effects were partially transferable to semi-trained DTs but not to untrained DTs. With increasing distance between trained and untrained DTs, transferability of training effects decreased.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000490852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T21:03:58Z","timestamp":1532466238000},"page":"68-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Transferability and Sustainability of Motor-Cognitive Dual-Task Training in Patients with Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Nele\u00a0Christin","family":"Lemke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Wiloth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Oster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen\u00a0M.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Hauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]]},"container-title":["Gerontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/490852","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/490852","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:42:57Z","timestamp":1745426577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000490852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000490852","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-324X","1423-0003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-324X","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]]}}}