{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:05:33Z","timestamp":1761609933036,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Autoantibody against M<sub>2<\/sub>-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR) has a biological effect similar to a vagus agonist. Digoxin has a function of vagus nervous system stimulation. We hypothesized that anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR is highly correlated with digoxin in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Synthetic M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR peptides served as the target antigen in an ELISA were used to screen the sera of 80 CHF patients, who were separated into a negative (\u2013) or positive (+) anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR group according to their anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR reactivity. Echocardiography and serum digoxin concentration (SDC) were performed at baseline and after 1 year of digoxin in combination with the standard treatment regime. The end-point events were compared over 1 year of follow-up. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Seventy-two CHF patients completed the final data analysis, including 32 (+)anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR and 40 (\u2013)anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR patients. The resting heart rate of the positive group was higher than that of the negative group at baseline (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.05; 89.0 \u00b1 1.6 vs. 83.8 \u00b1 1.1 bpm). Both groups showed improvement in the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions and ejection fraction with digoxin in combination with the standard treatment regime for 1 year (all <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.01). However, the 32 patients with (\u2013)anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR had greater improvements than the 40 patients with (+)anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR, and this was accompanied by a marked decrease of rehospitalization (all <i>p &#x3c;<\/i> 0.01) but not of cardiovascular mortality after 1 year. The SDC of patients with (\u2013)anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR was significantly lower than that of patients with (+)anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR (<i>p<\/i> <i>&#x3c;<\/i> 0.05; 0.63 \u00b1 0.05 vs.1.16 \u00b1 0.06 ng\/mL) and had a positive correlation with anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR (<i>r<\/i> = 0.81, <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> These results suggested that anti-M<sub>2<\/sub>AChR could be a useful biomarker of vagus nerve overactivation and is associated with a poor response to digoxin treatment in CHF patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000492527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T21:06:57Z","timestamp":1538773617000},"page":"9-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of Autoantibody against M<sub>2<\/sub>-Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Heart Failure Patients on Digoxin Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Dongyan","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenping\u00a0","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin\u00a0","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua\u00a0","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong\u00a0","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiling\u00a0","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin\u00a0","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan\u00a0","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiamei\u00a0","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116416"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01705.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-13-94"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306439"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3042com"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-010-8235-x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/325321a0"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.47.29958"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-11-7"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129563"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000132482.95686.87"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4451"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv143"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.12.003"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.7.871"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv087"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.760405"}],"container-title":["Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/492527","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/492527","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:55:50Z","timestamp":1745427350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000492527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000492527","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-6312","1421-9751"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0008-6312"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9751"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}