{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:17:36Z","timestamp":1783448256392,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2693,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare cancer and has a poor prognosis. Several radiation protocols have been reported, but the results were not satisfactory. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hypofractionated radiotherapy. Methods: Thirty-three patients who received radiotherapy for ATC between January 2000 and December 2014 were retrospectively included. We defined hypofractionated radiotherapy as a single dose \u22655 Gy. Results: Nineteen patients were treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy. Twenty-eight patients died, and 27 of those patients died from ATC. Sixteen patients died from distant metastasis and 6 from local recurrence. In the hypofractionated radiotherapy group, local recurrence occurred in 5 patients and 1 of them died from active bleeding from a local tumor. There was local recurrence in 7 patients who received the other protocol, and 5 of them died from asphyxiation, active bleeding, or uncontrollable growth of a local tumor on the neck. The median overall survival (OS) was 5 months. In multivariate analysis, patients who received an equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/sub&amp;gt;) \u226550 Gy had significantly better OS (p = 0.016). In univariate analysis, patients who received hypofractionated radiotherapy did not have significantly better OS (p = 0.872) or local control (p = 0.090). The \u03c7&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/sup&amp;gt; test showed that significantly fewer patients died from local recurrence in the hypofractionated radiotherapy group (p = 0.025). Conclusions: Multivariate analysis showed that an EQD&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;\/sub&amp;gt; \u226550 Gy resulted in better OS, and hypofractionated radiotherapy decreased the rate of mortality from local recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000493315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T17:01:37Z","timestamp":1538672497000},"page":"24-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: 15 Years of Experience in a Single Institution"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7653-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriyoshi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruo","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rei","family":"Umezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaya","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yojiro","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Katagiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Tasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Kadoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Jingu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hundahl SA, Fleming ID, Fremgen AM, Menck HR: A national cancer data base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S., 1985\u20131995. Cancer 1998; 83: 2638\u20132648.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981215)83:12<2638::AID-CNCR31>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Are C, Shaha AR: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: biology, pathogenesis, prognostic factors, and treatment approaches. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13: 453\u2013464.","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2006.05.042"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smallridge RC, Copland JA: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: pathogenesis and emerging therapies. Clin Oncol 2010; 22: 486\u2013497.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2010.03.013"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tallroth E, Wallin G, Lundell G, Lowhagen T, Einhorn J: Multimodality treatment in anaplastic giant cell thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1987; 60: 1428\u20131431.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19871001)60:7<1428::AID-CNCR2820600703>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lowe NM, Loughran S, Slevin NJ, Yap BK: Anaplastic thyroid cancer: the addition of systemic chemotherapy to radiotherapy led to an observed improvement in survival \u2013 a single center experience and review of the literature. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014: 674583.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/674583"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugitani I, Miyauchi A, Sugino K, Okamoto T, Yoshida A, Suzuki S: Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: ATC Research Consortium of Japan cohort study of 677 patients. World J Surg 2012; 36: 1247\u20131254.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1437-z"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumke AK, Pelz T, Vordermark D: Long-term results of radiotherapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9: 90.","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-9-90"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dandekar P, Harmer C, Barbachano Y, Rhys-Evans P, Harrington K, Nutting C, Newbold K: Hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (HART) for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: toxicity and survival analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 74: 518\u2013521.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.08.016"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stavas MJ, Shinohara ET, Attia A, Ning MS, Friedman JM, Cmelak AJ: Short course high dose radiotherapy in the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. J Thyroid Res 2014; 2014: 764281.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/764281"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glaser SM, Mandish SF, Gill BS, Balasubramani GK, Clump DA, Beriwal S: Anaplastic thyroid cancer: prognostic factors, patterns of care, and overall survival. Head Neck 2016; 38(suppl 1):E2083\u2013E2090.","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24384"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pezzi TA, Mohamed ASR, Sheu T, Blanchard P, Sandulache VC, Lai SY, Cabanillas ME, Williams MD, Pezzi CM, Lu C, Morrison WH, Rosenthal Dl, Fuller CD, Gunn GB: Radiation therapy dose is associated with improved survival for unresected anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: outcomes from the National Cancer Data Base. Cancer 2017; 123: 1653\u20131661.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30493"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haigh Pl, Ituarte PH, Wu HS, Treseler PA, Posoner MD, Quivery JM, Duh QY, Clark OH: Completely resected anaplastic thyroid carcinoma combined with adjuvant chemotherapy and irradiation is associated with prolonged survival. Cancer 2001; 91: 2335\u20132342.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010615)91:12<2335::AID-CNCR1266>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobsen AB, Groholt KK, Lorntzsen B, Osnes TA, Falk RS, Sigstad E: Anaplastic thyroid cancer and hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (HART) with and without surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274: 4203\u20134209.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4764-8"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tennvall J, Lundell G, Wahlberg P, Bergenfelz A, Grimelius L, Akerman M, Hjelm Skog AL, Wallin G: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: three protocols combining doxorubicin, hyperfractionated radiotherapy and surgery. Br J Cancer 2002; 86: 1848\u20131853.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600361"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Tsang R, Asa S, Dickson B, Areno\u00advich T, Brierley J: Clinical outcome of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma treated with radiotherapy of once- and twice-daily fractionated regimens. Cancer 2006; 107: 1786\u20131792.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22203"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasmann L, Bolm L, Janssen S, Rades D: Prognostic factors for survival in patients treated with multimodal therapy for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Anticancer Res 2016; 36: 4697\u20134700.","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.11023"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foote RL, Molina JR, Kasperbauer JL, Lloyd RV, McIver B, Morris JC, Grant CS, Thompson GB, Richards ML, Hay ID, Smallridge RC, Bible KC: Enhanced survival in locoregionally confined anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a single-institution experience using aggressive multimodal therapy. Thyroid 2011; 21: 25\u201330.","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0220"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ha HT, Lee JS, Urba S, Koenig RJ, Sisson J, Giordano T, Worden FP: A phase II study of imatinib in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2010; 20: 975\u2013980.","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0057"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savvides P, Nagaiah G, Lavertu P, Fu P, Wright JJ, Chapman R, Wasman J, Dowlati A, Remick SC: Phase II trial of sorafenib in patients with advanced anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. Thyroid 2013; 23: 600\u2013604.","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0103"},{"key":"2026070713090800100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kollipara R, Schneider B, Radovich M, Babu S, Kiel PJ: Exceptional response with immunotherapy in a patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncologist 2017; 22: 1149\u20131151.","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0096"}],"container-title":["European Thyroid Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/493315","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/etj\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/24\/36024\/etj493315.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/etj\/article-pdf\/8\/1\/24\/36024\/etj493315.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:49:25Z","timestamp":1783446565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/etj\/article\/8\/1\/24\/4913\/Hypofractionated-Radiotherapy-for-Anaplastic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000493315","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-0802","2235-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-0802","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2235-0640","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]}}}