{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:28:52Z","timestamp":1745468932237,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Princ Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Lysozyme and lactoferrin have anti-candidal activity. &lt;i&gt;Candida dubliniensis&lt;\/i&gt; is associated with oral candidiasis. &lt;i&gt;Candida&lt;\/i&gt; infections are managed with nystatin, amphotericin B, caspofungin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and chlorhexidine. &lt;i&gt;Candida&lt;\/i&gt; species undergo a brief exposure to therapeutic agents in the mouth. There is no data on the influence of limited exposure to antimycotics on the sensitivity of &lt;i&gt;C. dubliniensis&lt;\/i&gt; to lactoferrin and lysozyme. Hence, this study observed the changes in the sensitivity of &lt;i&gt;C. dubliniensis&lt;\/i&gt; to anti-candidal action of lactoferrin and lysozyme after transitory exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of antifungals. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; After determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 20 &lt;i&gt;C. dubliniensis&lt;\/i&gt; isolates were exposed to twice the concentration of MIC of nystatin, amphotericin B, caspofungin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and chlorhexidine for 1 h. Drugs were removed by dilution and thereafter the susceptibility of these isolates to lysozyme and lactoferrin was determined by colony-forming unit quantification assay. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Exposure of &lt;i&gt;C. dubliniensis&lt;\/i&gt; to nystatin, amphotericin B, caspofungin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and chlorhexidine resulted in an increase in susceptibility to lysozyme by 9.45, 30.82, 30.04, 50.64, 55.60, and 50.18%, respectively (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.05 to &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;&amp;#x3c;&lt;\/i&gt; 0.001). Exposure of &lt;i&gt;C. dubliniensis&lt;\/i&gt; to nystatin, amphotericin B, caspofungin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and chlorhexidine resulted in an increase in susceptibility to lactoferrin by 13.54, 16.43, 17.58, 19.60, 21.32, and 18.73, respectively (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.05 to &lt;i&gt;p &amp;#x3c;&lt;\/i&gt; 0.001). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Brief exposure to nystatin, amphotericin B, caspofungin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and chlorhexidine enhances the antifungal effect of lysozyme and lactoferrin on &lt;i&gt;C. dubliniensis&lt;\/i&gt; isolates in vitro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000493391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T21:01:26Z","timestamp":1536008486000},"page":"523-530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of Brief Exposure to Drugs with Antifungal Properties on the Susceptibility of Oral &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Candida dubliniensis&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Isolates to Lysozyme and Lactoferrin"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Arjuna\u00a0Nishantha\u00a0B.","family":"Ellepola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranil\u00a0Samantha","family":"Dassanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziauddin","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,2]]},"container-title":["Medical Principles and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/493391","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/493391","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:51:12Z","timestamp":1745427072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000493391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000493391","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1011-7571","1423-0151"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1011-7571"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0151"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}