{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:15:27Z","timestamp":1783448127482,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2622,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: To investigate the association between reproductive history and later development of various nosological subtypes of overt hyperthyroidism. Study Design: From the Danish population, we included incident hyperthyroid women, and for each case we recruited 4 euthyroid age-sex-region-matched controls from the same sub-population. Hyperthyroid cases\/controls were: Graves\u2019 disease (GD, n = 232\/928), multinodular toxic goitre (MNTG, n = 91\/364), solitary toxic adenoma (STA, n = 21\/84). Patients diagnosed with hyperthyroidism within 1 year after delivery including post-partum GD were excluded. In multivariate conditional regression models (reference: no reproductive events), we analysed the association between development of GD\/MNTG\/STA and reproductive factors such as age at menarche\/menopause, reproductive span, number of pregnancies\/childbirths\/abortions, investigations for infertility, and years on oral contraceptives. We adjusted for possible confounders such as alcohol intake, smoking, co-morbidity, and education. Age was studied as a potential effect measure modifier. Results: GD patients diagnosed before the age of 40 years had given births more often than control subjects (OR [95% CI] for 1\/2\/3+ births [ref.: nulliparous] were 1.57 [0.80\u20133.11]\/2.06 [1.001\u20134.22]\/3.07 [1.50\u20136.26]), and they had induced abortions performed more often (OR for 1\/2+ induced abortions [ref.: no: events] were 0.99 [0.54\u20131.84]\/2.24 [1.12\u20134.45]). No associations were observed between any reproductive factor and the development of MNTG or STA. Conclusions: Childbirths and induced abortions may be followed by development of Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism after the post-partum period. This was not the case for the non-autoimmune subtypes of hyperthyroidism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000494836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T17:02:38Z","timestamp":1544806958000},"page":"70-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Previous Live Births and Induced Abortions May Precede Later Development of Graves\u2019 Hyperthyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Allan","family":"Carl\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"2Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Endocrinology I, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torben","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"5Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Thuesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Karmisholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"2Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stine","family":"Linding\u00a0Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"6Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"B\u00fclow\u00a0Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"2Department of Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026070712583820100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-1155","article-title":"Epidemiology of subtypes of hyperthyroidism in Denmark: a population-based 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