{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T03:30:27Z","timestamp":1747193427456,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> A report examining whether clinically available antidepressants increase urethral smooth muscle contraction via antagonistic effects on the \u03b1<sub>2<\/sub>-adrenoceptor (\u03b1<sub>2<\/sub>-AR) is lacking. <b><i>Objectives:<\/i><\/b> The present study was performed to evaluate the potential of clinically available antidepressants to reverse \u03b1<sub>2<\/sub>-AR-mediated contractile inhibition in rat vas deferens, in order to predict whether they can induce voiding impairment. <b><i>Method:<\/i><\/b> The effects of 18 antidepressants of different classes on electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions suppressed by 10<sup>\u20138<\/sup> mol\/L clonidine (a selective \u03b1<sub>2<\/sub>-AR agonist) in isolated rat vas deferens were investigated and related to their respective clinical blood concentrations. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The EFS-induced contractions suppressed by clonidine were recovered by amitriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressant), mirtazapine (a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant), and trazodone (a serotonin 5-HT<sub>2A<\/sub> receptor antagonist) at concentrations close to the clinical blood levels. EFS-induced contractions were also recovered by trimipramine, clomipramine (tricyclic antidepressants), mianserin (a tetracyclic antidepressant), sertraline (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SSRI]), and sulpiride (a dopamine D<sub>2<\/sub>-receptor antagonist), albeit at concentrations that substantially exceeded their clinically-achievable blood levels. EFS-induced contractions were not significantly affected by imipramine, nortriptyline, amoxapine (tricyclic antidepressants), maprotiline (a tetracyclic antidepressant), fluvoxamine, paroxetine, escitalopram (SSRIs), milnacipran, duloxetine (serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors), and aripiprazole (a dopamine partial agonist). Conclusions: These findings suggest that amitriptyline, mirtazapine, and trazodone induce voiding impairment caused by increased urethral resistance by enhancing sympathetic nerve activities attributed to \u03b1<sub>2<\/sub>-AR antagonism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000495616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T22:07:49Z","timestamp":1548799669000},"page":"189-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Antidepressant Effects on Recovery of Electrical Field Stimulation-Induced Contractions that have been Suppressed by Clonidine in Isolated Rat Vas Deferens"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9226-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Obara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Michino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayano","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumiko","family":"Yamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yoshio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8341-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshio","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"container-title":["Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/495616","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/495616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:16:13Z","timestamp":1745428573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000495616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000495616","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-7012","1423-0313"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-7012"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0313"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}