{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:52:06Z","timestamp":1787017926158,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]],"date-time":"2018-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]],"date-time":"2018-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544832000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytogenet Genome Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reptiles are ancestral organisms presenting a variety of shapes, from the elongated vertebral column of the snake to the turtle dorsalized ribs or retractile neck. Body plans are specified by a conserved group of homeobox-containing genes (&lt;i&gt;Hox&lt;\/i&gt; genes), which encode transcription factors important in cell fate and vertebral architecture along the anteroposterior axis during embryonic development; thus, dysregulation of these genes may cause congenital malformations, from mild-sublethal to embryonic-lethal. The genetic pool, maternal transfer, and environmental conditions during egg incubation affect development; environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, oxygen, and pollution may alter gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, in this review, we present information regarding &lt;i&gt;Hox&lt;\/i&gt; genes and development in reptiles, including sex determination and teratogenesis. We also present some evidence of epigenetic regulation of &lt;i&gt;Hox&lt;\/i&gt; genes and the role of the environment in epigenetic modulation of gene expression. So far, the evidence suggests that the molecular instructions encoded by &lt;i&gt;Hox&lt;\/i&gt; genes to build a snake, a lizard, or a turtle represent the interplay between genome and epigenome after years of evolution, with occasional environmentally induced molecular mistakes leading to abnormal body shapes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000495712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T17:01:12Z","timestamp":1545238872000},"page":"34-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hox&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Genes in Reptile Development, Epigenetic Regulation, and Teratogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Mart\u00edn-del-Campo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itzel","family":"Sifuentes-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]]},"container-title":["Cytogenetic and Genome Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/495712","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/495712","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T13:16:57Z","timestamp":1745414217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000495712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000495712","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8581","1424-859X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8581","type":"print"},{"value":"1424-859X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]]}}}