{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T15:55:28Z","timestamp":1772726128526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial chronic disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in cytokine production after pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and contribute to CNS damage in MS patients. Here, we evaluated the effects of interferon (IFN)-\u03b2 treatment in TLR2 and TLR4-dependent cytokine production and mRNA expression in whole-blood cell cultures from MS patients. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We evaluated cytokine production by ELISA from whole-blood cell culture supernatants and mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In patients treated with IFN-\u03b2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 production after exposure to TLR2 agonist (Pam&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;\/sub&gt;Cys) was lower than in healthy controls and untreated MS patients. However, IFN-\u03b2 treatment had no significant effect on TNF-\u03b1 production after TLR4 agonist (LPS) stimulation. On the other hand, interleukin (IL)-10 production was increased in TLR4- but not in TLR2-stimulated whole-blood cell culture from MS patients under IFN-\u03b2 treatment when compared to the controls. No differences in TNF-\u03b1 or IL-10 mRNA expression in PBMCs from healthy controls and untreated or treated MS patients were detected, although PBMCs from treated patients presented higher levels of IL-32\u03b3 mRNA than those from controls. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Our data suggest that IFN-\u03b2 treatment alters the TLR-dependent immune response of PBMCs from MS patients. This may contribute to the beneficial effects of IFN-\u03b2 treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000495787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T22:00:34Z","timestamp":1553205634000},"page":"77-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Interferon-Beta Treatment Differentially Alters TLR2 and TLR4-Dependent Cytokine Production in Multiple Sclerosis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Iara\u00a0Barreto\u00a0Neves","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo\u00a0Saar","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa\u00a0Fonseca","family":"Gomides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica\u00a0Cristina","family":"dos\u00a0Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos\u00a0Alexandre\u00a0Diniz","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Ribeiro-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise\u00a0Sisterolli","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70267-4"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.168"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58649"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.08.010"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052130"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35100529"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458502ms817oa"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29251"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737271"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12103"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.02.025"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511233103"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4RU0416-175RR"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.05.045"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S45144"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.10.014"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000206"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000443238"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.09.009"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005413"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400472"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21438"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001473"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2008.10.005"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21067"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.08.053"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftx082"}],"container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/495787","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/495787","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:17:56Z","timestamp":1745428676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000495787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000495787","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1021-7401","1423-0216"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1021-7401","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0216","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}