{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T07:44:48Z","timestamp":1762674288643,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells Tissues Organs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, characterized by cartilage degradation and inflammation. The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OA by inducing the release of other catabolic factors that contribute to cartilage degradation. <i>Trifolium pratense<\/i> L. (red clover) has been used as a medicinal plant in many countries and as a source of nutraceuticals to alleviate the symptoms of menopause. <b><i>Ob\u00adjectives:<\/i><\/b> In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anticatabolic effect of 40% prethanol extract of <i>T. pratense<\/i> (40% PeTP) on IL-1\u03b2-stimulated chondrocytes. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Primary rat chondrocytes were pretreated with 40% PeTP for 1 h before stimulation with IL-1\u03b2 (20 ng\/mL). The production of nitrite, prostaglandin E<sub>2<\/sub> (PGE<sub>2<\/sub>), and aggrecan was measured by using Griess reagent and ELISA. Protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS)-4, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the nuclear factor (NF)-\u03baB p65 subunit was measured by using Western blotting. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> PeTP (40%) significantly inhibited the IL-1\u03b2-induced expression of nitrite, iNOS, PGE<sub>2<\/sub>, COX-2, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4 in isolated primary rat chondrocytes. Furthermore, 40% PeTP decreased the IL-1\u03b2-induced degradation of aggrecan, the phosphorylation of MAPKs, and the nuclear translocation of the NF-\u03baB p65 subunit. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> These results suggested that 40% PeTP has a chondroprotective effect on inflammation and may be a potential preventative agent for OA progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000496108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]],"date-time":"2019-01-31T22:01:22Z","timestamp":1548972082000},"page":"95-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Effect of the Prethanol Extract of <b><i>Trifolium pratense<\/i><\/b> Leaves on Interleukin-1\u03b2-Induced Cartilage Matrix Degradation in Primary Rat Chondrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Seul\u00a0Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Min","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seul\u00a0Hee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Do\u00a0Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun\u00a0Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]]},"container-title":["Cells Tissues Organs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/496108","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/496108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T17:21:22Z","timestamp":1745428882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000496108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000496108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-6405","1422-6421"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1422-6405"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1422-6421"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}