{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T18:28:41Z","timestamp":1773340121190,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intervirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The epidemiological evidence is inconsistent about whether HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) are at higher risk of developing antiretroviral resistance than any other HIV-positive populations. This study aims to investigate and compare transmitted drug resistance (TDR) between IDUs and non-IDUs in Lingshan County, an HIV-hit region in Guangxi, China, where IDU and heterosexual transmission were the two dominant transmission routes and roughly equally contributed to the local HIV transmission. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed and antiretroviral-treatment (ART)-na\u00efve HIV-1 patients from Lingshan County. The &lt;i&gt;pol&lt;\/i&gt; gene of HIV-1 from the individuals was sequenced followed by genotyping and TDR analysis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Two dominant transmission routes, heterosexual contact and IDU, accounted for 49.2 and 45.9% of 183 HIV-1 infection cases, respectively. Three genotypes, including CRF08_BC (70.6%), CRF01_AE (24.4%), and CRF07_BC (5.0%), and three unique recombinant forms (1.6%), were identified. There was a significant difference in genotype distribution among the different transmission routes (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;\/i&gt; = 21.814, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; &amp;#x3c; 0.001). The overall TDR prevalence was 5.5%. There were no significant differences in TDR prevalence among the different transmission routes (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;\/i&gt; = 1.420, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.439). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Injection drug use has little impact on TDR prevalence compared with other routes of transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000499367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T21:01:22Z","timestamp":1556139682000},"page":"281-291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["No Difference in Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance between Injection Drug Users and Non-Injection Drug Users: A Cross-Sectional Study among Antiretroviral Treatment-Na\u00efve HIV 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