{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:26:02Z","timestamp":1788456362191,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Breast Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Although polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) injection for breast augmentation has been prohibited for many years, the long-term complications will be significant for a long period. Few research articles have focused on the clinicopathological analysis. <b><i>Materials and Methods:<\/i><\/b> We summarized clinical and pathological features of 90 cases after PAAG-injected breast augmentation, including 2 cases of breast cancer developed following PAAG injection. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> All patients were females between the ages of 30 and 64 years (mean, 44 years). The complications included masses (75.58%), pain (45.35%), migration (22.09%), deformation (18.60%), infection (16.28%), induration (4.65%), and psychological fear (2.33%). Microscopically, the PAAG presented as purple gel pools, and the foreign body reaction was noted in all 90 patients. The proportion of fibrous component exceeded 90% in 26 cases (28.89%). Chronic and acute inflammation was noted in 70 (77.78%) and 9 (10%) patients, respectively. The mammary gland around the gel displayed atrophy in 18 cases (20.00%), adenosis in 33 cases (36.67%), ductal carcinoma in situ in 1 case (1.11%), and invasive carcinoma in 1 case (1.11%). <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> The long-term complications of PAAG-injected breast augmentation are various and complex. Pathologically, these complications are associated with foreign body reaction, fibrosis, and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000499832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T17:08:11Z","timestamp":1559149691000},"page":"38-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Clinicopathological Analysis of 90 Cases of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Injection for Breast Augmentation Including 2 Cases Followed by Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000056873.87165.5A"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2008.01040.x"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-016-0646-5"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181ead122"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-011-1273-6"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-012-0045-5"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-002-2052-4"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.10.004"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-010-9617-4"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.09.021"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2014.12.008"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-014-0439-7"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-012-9928-8"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2004.11.004"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30619"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2016.731"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-008-9298-4"}],"container-title":["Breast Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/499832","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/499832","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T12:31:15Z","timestamp":1745411475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000499832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000499832","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-3791","1661-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1661-3791","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]}}}