{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:08:37Z","timestamp":1792188517331,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background and Hypothesis:<\/i><\/b> The inflammatory response was targeted by unsuccessful therapies but ignored pathogen. We hypothesized that the inflammatory response differs according to organism in human septic shock. <b><i>Materials and Methods:<\/i><\/b> We measured 39 cytokines at baseline and 24 h in patients (<i>n<\/i> = 363) in the Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial (VASST). We compared cytokine profiles (cytokine functional class) at baseline and at 24 h by organism and used hierarchical clustering to classify cytokines according to 28-day outcomes. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> In 363 patients, 88 and 176 patients had at least 1 species isolated from blood and other sites, respectively. Cytokine levels differed significantly according to organism: <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i> and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i> had the highest (baseline and at 24 h), while <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i> (blood) had the lowest mean cytokine levels. <i>N. meningitidis<\/i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i> had significantly higher cytokine levels at baseline versus 24 h (<i>p<\/i> = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively); <i>E. faecalis<\/i> had significantly higher cytokine levels at 24 h versus baseline. Hierarchical clustering heat maps showed that pathogens elicited similar cytokine responses not related to the functional cytokine class. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> The organism type induces different cytokine profiles in septic shock. Specific gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens stimulated similar plasma cytokine-level patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000500418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T21:00:30Z","timestamp":1563397230000},"page":"182-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Specific Organism: Not Bacterial Gram Type: Drives the Inflammatory Response in Septic Shock"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Linder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris\u00a0D.","family":"Fjell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Inghammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith\u00a0R.","family":"Walley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John\u00a0H.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James\u00a0A.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.2637"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000503"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00002"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.1.34"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1754"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2157-0"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.3.8810595"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000194725.48928.3A"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70076-3"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067373"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000129973.13104.2D"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31821b827c"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199112000-00014"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198002000-00001"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113866"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2816"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200104000-00015"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199606273342603"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510470040032"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.2.238"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199707000-00001"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199908000-00039"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199303000-00006"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375593"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314839"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079207"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0355OC"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-012-0273-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Innate Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/500418","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/500418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:37:13Z","timestamp":1745426233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000500418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000500418","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.8325389","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1662-811X","1662-8128"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-811X","type":"print"},{"value":"1662-8128","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]}}}