{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:05:50Z","timestamp":1761663950176,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lifestyle Genomics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background\/Aims:<\/i><\/b> The <i>PNPLA3<\/i> loss-of-function variant p.I148M is a strong genetic determinant of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The PNPLA3 protein functions as an intracellular lipase in the liver, with a greater activity on unsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed to determine whether short-term supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids impacts hepatic steatosis differently in <i>PNPLA3<\/i> p.148I wild-type individuals as compared to homozygous carriers of the <i>PNPLA3<\/i> p.148M variant. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Twenty subjects with hepatic steatosis (50% women, age 18\u201377 years) were included. Ten subjects homozygous for the <i>PNPLA3<\/i> 148M variant were matched to 10 wild-type individuals. The subjects received 4\u00a0g omega-3 fatty acids (1,840 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 1,520 mg docosahexaenoic acid) a day for 4 weeks. Transient elastography with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was used to quantify liver fat before and after the intervention. Body composition, fibrosis, liver function tests, serum free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose markers were compared. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Patients homozygous for the <i>PNPLA3<\/i> p.148M variant (risk group) demonstrated no significant changes in CAP compared to baseline (284 \u00b1 55 vs. 287 \u00b1 65 dB\/m) as did the control group (256 \u00b1 56 vs. 262 \u00b1 55 dB\/m). While serum liver enzyme activities remained unchanged in both groups, the risk group displayed significantly (<i>p<\/i> = 0.02) lower baseline FFA concentrations (334.5 [range 281.0\u2013431.0] vs. 564.5 [range 509.0\u2013682.0] \u03bcmol\/L), which markedly increased by 9.1% after the intervention. In contrast, FFA concentrations decreased significantly (<i>p<\/i> = 0.01) by 28.3% in the wild-type group. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Short-term omega-3 fatty acid supplementation did not significantly alter hepatic steatosis. The nutrigenomic and metabolic effects of omega-3 fatty acids should be investigated further in carriers of the <i>PNPLA3<\/i> 148M risk variant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000502008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T21:00:34Z","timestamp":1566939634000},"page":"10-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Four-Week Omega-3 Supplementation in Carriers of the Prosteatotic <b><i>PNPLA3<\/i><\/b> p.I148M Genetic Variant: An Open-Label Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Clara-Sophie","family":"Kuttner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosellina","family":"Mancina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gudrun","family":"Wagenpfeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Lammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline\u00a0S.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.257"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.10.042"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23622"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70032-4"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24283"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.290114"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2013.12.006"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.04.008"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13435"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.004"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.08.018"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2013.0043"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27289"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0355-z"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.6.1586"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.04.006"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25993"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.09.012"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0033"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12656"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12194"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314968"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3310-0"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29273"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98788-0_12"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2015.1502"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283444b09"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2008.09.006"}],"container-title":["Lifestyle Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/502008","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/502008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:47:25Z","timestamp":1745423245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000502008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000502008","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2504-3161","2504-3188"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2504-3161"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2504-3188"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}