{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:25:30Z","timestamp":1789709130695,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> The 35% CO<sub>2<\/sub> challenge is a well-established method triggering panic attacks under laboratory-controlled conditions. There is an ongoing debate whether single or the joined effects of the instructional set and anxiety sensitivity (AS) can alter the outcome of the challenge. <b><i>Objectives:<\/i><\/b> The present study investigated the effects of instruction manipulation and AS on panic-like response to the 35% CO<sub>2<\/sub> challenge. <b><i>Methods<\/i><\/b>: Eighty healthy subjects, with high or low levels of AS, were randomized into 4 groups based on standard\/manipulated instructional sets as well as 35% CO<sub>2<\/sub> mixture\/room air inhalation. Subjects filled in the Visual Analogue Scale of Anxiety (VAAS), the Visual Analogue Scale of Fear (VAS-F), the VAS of Discomfort (VAS-D), and the Panic Symptom List (PSL). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at pre- and posttest. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed greater psychological responses at VAAS, VAS-F, VAS-D, and PSL and higher systolic blood pressure under 35% CO<sub>2<\/sub> challenge if compared to room air inhalation while instructional set and AS did not influence the response. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> The present study confirms that neither instructional test nor AS alter the outcome of the 35% CO<sub>2<\/sub> challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000502150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T21:00:26Z","timestamp":1566507626000},"page":"209-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity and Expectancy Manipulation on Panic-Like Response to the 35% CO<sub>2<\/sub> Challenge in Healthy 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