{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:06:34Z","timestamp":1792098394283,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To explore the diversity and clinical features of anti-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) antibody-associated neurological diseases. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Clinical data of a series of 5 patients positive for anti-GAD antibodies were retrospectively analyzed. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; All 5 patients were female, with a median age of 41.5 years (range 19\u201360 years). Their neurological symptoms included stiff-person syndrome (SPS), encephalitis, myelitis, cramp, visual loss, and paresthesia. Three patients (60%) were diagnosed with tumors, 2 cases of thymic tumor and 1 of breast cancer. On immunohistochemistry for tumor pathology, expression of GAD65 was found only in 1 patient. Four patients (80%) had abnormal brain MRI findings. All patients received immunotherapy and improved significantly after treatment, but 4 (80%) then experienced a relapse. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Neurological manifestations in anti-GAD-positive patients are diverse and include SPS, encephalitis, myelitis, cramp, visual loss, and paresthesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000502695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T22:00:31Z","timestamp":1572472831000},"page":"234-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical Heterogeneity in Patients with Glutamate Decarboxylase Antibody"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jiehong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruisi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youming","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000196488.87746.7b"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-018-0880-5"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.3499"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000490530"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371492"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-015-0493-1"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0749"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.161042"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2018.01.007"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3294-9"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.06.012"}],"container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/502695","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/502695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:54:11Z","timestamp":1745423651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000502695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000502695","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1021-7401","1423-0216"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1021-7401","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0216","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}