{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T16:42:08Z","timestamp":1784997728139,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> Available data on pituitary incidentalomas mostly derive from small-scale studies, with heterogeneous inclusion criteria and limited follow-up. No paper has focused specifically on clinically nonfunctioning pituitary in\u00adcidentalomas (CNFPIs). <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> To describe the charac\u00adteristics and the natural history of patients diagnosed with CNFPIs. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Retrospective multicenter cohort study evaluating hormonal, imaging, and visual field characteristics at diagnosis and during follow-up of CNFPIs investigated in 2 Pituitary Centers. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Three hundred and seventy-one patients were included (50.9% microadenomas, 35.6% males). Men were older and more likely to have a macroadenoma (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.01). Totally, 23.7% of patients presented secondary hormonal deficits (SHDs), related to tumor size (higher in macroadenomas; <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001) and age (higher in older patients; <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001). Hypogonadism was the most frequent SHD (15.6%). Two hundred and ninety-six patients had follow-up data, 29.1% required surgery after first evaluation, and 97 had at least 3 years of follow-up. In total, 15.3% adenomas grew (more macroadenomas), but only in microadenomas patients with longer follow-up showed a higher growth trend. Totally, 5.2% of patients developed new SHDs (micro- vs. macroadenomas <i>p<\/i> = 1.000), and in 60% of them this was not associated with an increase in tumor size. Thirteen additional patients required surgery during follow-up (1 microadenoma at diagnosis). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Macroadenomas and age are risk factors for SHD in CNFPIs, which occur at diagnosis in a quarter of patients. During follow-up, macroadenomas tend to grow more often, but microadenomas display higher growth trend as follow-up increases. Deterioration of pituitary function is not always related to adenoma growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000503256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T22:00:28Z","timestamp":1573250428000},"page":"595-603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Incidentalomas: Characteristics and Natural 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