{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:21:36Z","timestamp":1783426896815,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfus Med Hemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> MNS blood group system genes <i>GYPA<\/i> and <i>GYPB<\/i> share a high degree of sequence homology and gene structure. Homologous exchanges between <i>GYPA<\/i> and <i>GYPB<\/i> form hybrid genes encoding hybrid glycophorins GP(A-B-A) and GP(B-A-B). Over 20 hybrid glycophorins have been characterised. Each has a distinct phenotype defined by the profile of antigens expressed including Mi<sup>a<\/sup>. Seven hybrid glycophorins carry Mi<sup>a<\/sup> and have been reported in Caucasian and Asian population groups. In Australia, the population is diverse; however, the prevalence of hybrid glycophorins in the population has never been determined. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of Mi<sup>a<\/sup> and to classify Mi<sup>a<\/sup>-positive hybrid glycophorins in an Australian blood donor population. <b><i>Method:<\/i><\/b> Blood samples from 5,098 Australian blood donors were randomly selected and screened for Mi<sup>a<\/sup> using anti-Mi<sup>a<\/sup> monoclonal antibody (CBC-172) by standard haemagglutination technique. Mi<sup>a<\/sup>-positive red blood cells (RBCs) were further characterised using a panel of phenotyping reagents. Genotyping by high-resolution melting analysis and DNA sequencing were used to confirm serology. <b><i>Result:<\/i><\/b> RBCs from 11\/5,098 samples were Mi<sup>a<\/sup>-positive, representing a frequency of 0.22%. Serological and molecular typing identified four types of Mi<sup>a<\/sup>-positive hybrid glycophorins: GP.Hut (<i>n<\/i> = 2), GP.Vw (<i>n<\/i> = 3), GP.Mur (<i>n<\/i> = 5), and 1 GP.Bun (<i>n<\/i> = 1). GP.Mur was the most common. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> This is the first comprehensive study on the frequency of Mi<sup>a<\/sup> and types of hybrid glycophorins present in an Australian blood donor population. The demographics of Australia are diverse and ever-changing. Knowing the blood group profile in a population is essential to manage transfusion needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000504026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T22:00:27Z","timestamp":1573768827000},"page":"279-287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Frequency of Mi<sup>a<\/sup> (MNS7) and Classification of Mi<sup>a<\/sup>-Positive Hybrid Glycophorins in an Australian Blood Donor Population"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8568-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genghis\u00a0H.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn\u00a0M.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenda\u00a0M.","family":"Millard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole\u00a0S.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi\u00a0M.","family":"Roots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yew-Wah","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine\u00a0A.","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert\u00a0L.","family":"Flower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1981.tb00304.x"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.12.4619"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19166.x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2010.11.003"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2824.2011.01503.x"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1946.tb34062.x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000478459"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000466818"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000467457"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000466817"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000460889"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14641"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2013.05.011"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3148.1996.d01-64.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2000.40050560.x"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13450"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1246-7820(01)00219-1"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.2001.00042.x"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14054"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13952"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12273"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-016-9966-6"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000467459"}],"container-title":["Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/504026","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/504026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:07:00Z","timestamp":1745424420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000504026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000504026","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-3796","1660-3818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-3796","type":"print"},{"value":"1660-3818","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]}}}