{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T17:34:22Z","timestamp":1782322462998,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Breast Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> The unexpected diagnosis of breast cancer following total duct excision is distressing for patients. Despite advances in radiology and the description of suspicious nipple discharge, pre-operative diagnosis of malignancy still evades us. The aim of this study was to review the pathological findings of total duct excision and microdochectomy with reference to pre-operative symptoms, ultrasound, or mammographic findings and identify features associated with increased likelihood of malignant disease. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Data were collected retrospectively of all patients who underwent total duct excision surgery in a single centre (2011\u20132017). Pre-operative demographics, symptoms, and imaging findings were recorded and correlated with subsequent pathology. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> 214 patients underwent total duct excision; data were available for 211. Median age was 53 years. 175\/211 (82.9%) patients had benign pathology (duct ectasia, papilloma without atypia, fibrocystic change) on final histological examination, 21\/211 (10%) had \u201crisk\u201d lesions (papilloma with atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia), and 15\/211 (7.1%) had malignancy (ductal carcinoma in situ). Of the 15 patients with malignant lesions, 6\/15 (40%) had normal imaging (M1, U1). 71\/211 (33.6%) had normal imaging (M1, U1): 60\/71 (84.5%) had benign disease, 5\/71 (7%) had \u201crisk\u201d lesions, and 6\/71 (8.5%) had malignant lesions. 83\/211 (39.3%) patients presented with bloody discharge: 64\/83 (77.1%) had benign pathology, 9\/83 (10.8%) risk, and 10\/83 (12%) malignancy. 38\/211 (18%) patients presented with non-bloody discharge: 32\/38 (84.2%) had benign disease, 4\/38 (10.5%) risk, and 2\/38 (5.3%) malignant lesions. \u00ad<b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> Neither imaging nor presenting symptoms correlate with the likelihood of malignant disease being present at final pathology. Even with advances in pre-operative diagnosis, total duct excision remains an essential diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000504528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T22:00:34Z","timestamp":1576274434000},"page":"491-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Predicting Patients Found to Have Malignancy at Nipple Duct Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nour","family":"Alshurbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1271-7829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher\u00a0W.\u00a0J.","family":"Cartlidge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley\u00a0R.","family":"Kohlhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirwan\u00a0M.","family":"Hadad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/495315"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.09.031"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588407X155491"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.08.027"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13018"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10990"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18139"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.12964"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2011.01207.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750725"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9530-5"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3521-2"}],"container-title":["Breast Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/504528","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/504528","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:11:36Z","timestamp":1745424696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000504528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000504528","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-3791","1661-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1661-3791","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]]}}}