{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:00:41Z","timestamp":1772164841241,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to improve overall and progression-free survival in various cancers but have been associated with various immune-related adverse events (IRAEs), including interstitial lung disease, especially organizing pneumonia. We report 2 cases of isolated severe airway disease attributable to ICIs, a rarely reported pattern of lung toxicity. The first patient received nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in a randomized double-blind trial for locoregional metastatic melanoma. The second patient was treated with nivolumab for lung adenocarcinoma. An IRAE was suspected in both cases due to a temporal relationship between ICI initiation and symptom onset. ICIs were stopped, and high-dose prednisone, inhaled corticosteroids, and bronchodilators were administered, allowing a rapid clinical and functional improvement in Patient 1. In Patient 2, despite prolonged high-dose prednisone, only a stabilization of forced expiratory volume in 1 s could be achieved, and the disease course was complicated by respiratory infections resulting in further loss of lung function. The patient died 1 year later due to progression of metastatic disease. These 2 cases suggest that pulmonary IRAEs secondary to ICIs may present as isolated bronchitis or bronchiolitis, with variable outcomes following ICI withdrawal and systemic corticosteroids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000504968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T17:00:33Z","timestamp":1578502833000},"page":"181-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Immunotherapy-Induced Airway Disease: A New Pattern of Lung Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Georgia","family":"Mitropoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Daccord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Sauty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Pasche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Egger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Aedo\u00a0Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Letovanec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Beigelman-Aubry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent\u00a0P.","family":"Nicod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Lazor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00050-2017"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.2453"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1467"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.39.3298"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1320"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S136818"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.68.2005"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001298"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx455"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2019.100866"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30172-3"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/apjon.apjon_4_17"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-15-0267"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0352"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2017-0531"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00249.x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1443"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.03.050"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31757-z"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0782OC"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-015-0174-x"}],"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/504968","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/504968","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T12:16:35Z","timestamp":1745410595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000504968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000504968","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.737192347.793574999","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}