{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:32:53Z","timestamp":1789093973671,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Theory\/calculation:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Movement disorders such as disturbances of coordination, clumsiness, and hand-related stereotypies are a frequent phenomenon in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). Obsessive-compulsive symptoms are also common in persons with ID. Our aim was to investigate hand motor dysfunction in persons with ID with and without OCD, using a digitizing tablet and the kinematic analysis of handwriting and drawing movements. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We examined&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;the hand motor performance of 23 individuals (12 males, 11 females, 42.6 \u00b1 13.7 years old) with ID of heterogeneous aetiology. All subjects were required to write a sentence and draw circles under various conditions. Kinematic parameters were calculated to quantify hand motion. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Individuals with ID exhibit serious hand motor impairments suggestive of bradykinesia, irregularity, and micrographia. More than half of our ID patients (60.9%) displayed obsessive-compulsive symptoms of moderate severity (Y-BOCS total score: 16.6 \u00b1 8.3). Interestingly, the ID patients with OCD displayed smaller amplitudes of hand motor movements than did patients with no obsessive-compulsive symptoms, while differences observed in the writing and drawing concentric circles trials were significant. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The results of this pilot study support the use of kinematic analyses of handwriting movements to evaluate motor abnormalities in patients with ID and comorbid mental illnesses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000505073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T22:00:34Z","timestamp":1579298434000},"page":"346-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Kinematic Analysis of Handwriting Movements in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities with and without Obsessive Compulsive 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