{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:03:17Z","timestamp":1791378197641,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a significant cause for complicated acute kidney injury. In Western countries, &#x3e;90% of HUS are Shiga toxin <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> (STEC) associated. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> This is a retrospective review of all Israeli children diagnosed with HUS in 4 major medical centers in Israel during 1999\u20132016. Patients were categorized into 4 HUS etiological groups according to international guidelines: I, inherited or acquired damage to the complement cascade (\u201catypical HUS\u201d [aHUS]); II, infection associated (\u201ctypical\u201d HUS \u2013 STEC associated, Pneumococcus); III, coexisting disease; IV: other and unknown causes. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Seventy-five children with HUS were identified; the mean annual incidence was 1.5 \u00b1 0.7 cases\/10<sup>6<\/sup> per year. Distribution according to etiological groups was: I: 24.0%; II: 14.7%; III: 9.3%; IV: 52.0%. Group I comprised high proportions of Arabs (55.6%), children of consanguineous parents (61.0%), and hypertension. Group II included a high proportion of children with diarrhea on presentation and central nervous system involvement. Only 5 (6.6%) had proven STEC-HUS. Group IV was similar in most characteristics to group II. Logistic regression analysis revealed 3 independent factors associated with the diagnosis of aHUS: consanguinity, lack of diarrhea, and lack of leukocytosis at presentation. Receiver operating analysis curve showed an area under the curve of 0.9 (95% CI 0.82\u20130.98). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> HUS incidence is lower in Israel than in most countries, especially because STEC-HUS is very rare. aHUS is the largest defined etiological group; some distinctive characteristics were identified that could facilitate its diagnosis. The current classification system leaves a high rate of \u201cunknown cause\u201d HUS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000505401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]],"date-time":"2020-01-14T22:01:08Z","timestamp":1579039268000},"page":"109-117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Contemporary Pediatric Experience"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Hadas","family":"Alfandary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choni","family":"Rinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgenia","family":"Gurevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Eisenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ori","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesia","family":"Kropach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6347-7891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]]},"container-title":["Nephron"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/505401","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/505401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:38:29Z","timestamp":1745422709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000505401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000505401","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-8151","2235-3186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-8151","type":"print"},{"value":"2235-3186","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}