{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:47:10Z","timestamp":1792630030351,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"Suppl. 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Nutr Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Vitamin D supplementation is known to both prevent and treat rickets, a disease of hypomineralized bone. Childhood is a period of great bone development and, therefore, attention to the vitamin D needed to optimize bone health in childhood is imperative. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Summary:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Observational studies have pointed to a vitamin D status, as indicated by a 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, of 50 nmol\/L to ensure avoidance of rickets and of 75 nmol\/L to optimize health. However, the benefits of achieving these levels of vitamin D status are less evident when pediatric randomized, controlled trials are performed. In fact, no specific pediatric vitamin D supplementation has been established by the existing evidence. Yet, study of vitamin D physiology continues to uncover further potential benefits to vitamin D sufficiency. This disconnection between vitamin D function and trials of supplementation has led to new paths of investigation, including establishment of the best method to measure vitamin D status, examination of genetic variation in vitamin D metabolism, and consideration that vitamin D status is a marker of another variable, such as physical activity, and its association with bone health. Nevertheless, vitamin D supplementation in the range of 10\u201350 \u03bcg\/day appears to be safe for children and remains a promising intervention that may yet be supported by clinical trials as a method to optimize pediatric health. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Key Message:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Pediatric vitamin D status is associated with avoidance of rickets. Randomized, controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation for pediatric bone health are limited and equivocal in their results. Beyond bone, decreased risk for autoimmune, infectious, and allergic diseases has been associated with higher vitamin D status. The specific vitamin D supplementation to optimize toddler, child, and adolescent outcomes is unknown, but doses 10\u201350 \u03bcg\/day are safe and may be beneficial. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000505635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T22:12:03Z","timestamp":1606255923000},"page":"30-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Vitamin D in Toddlers, Preschool Children, and 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