{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T01:51:17Z","timestamp":1756000277309,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> We have previously investigated the fate of administered bicarbonate infused as a hypertonic solution in animals with each of the 4 chronic acid-base disorders. Those studies did not address the fate of sodium, the coadministered cation. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> We examined baseline total body water (TBW), Na<sup>+<\/sup> space, HCO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u2013<\/sup> space, and urinary sodium and bicarbonate excretion after acute hypertonic NaHCO<sub>3<\/sub> infusion (1-N solution, 5 mmol\/kg body weight) in dogs with each of the 4 chronic acid-base disorders. Observations were made at 30, 60, and 90 min postinfusion. Retained sodium that remains osmotically active distributes in an apparent space that approximates TBW. Na<sup>+<\/sup> space that exceeds TBW uncovers nonosmotic sodium storage. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Na<sup>+<\/sup> space approximated TBW at all times in normal and hyperbicarbonatemic animals (metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis), but exceeded TBW by ~30% in hypobicarbonatemic animals (metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis). Such osmotic inactivation was detected at 30 min and remained stable. The pooled data revealed that Na<sup>+<\/sup> space corrected for TBW was independent of the initial blood pH but correlated with initial extracellular bicarbonate concentration (y\u00a0= \u20130.01x + 1.4, <i>p<\/i>= 0.002). The fate of administered sodium and bicarbonate (internal distribution and urinary excretion) was closely linked. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> This study demonstrates that hypobicarbonatemic animals have a Na<sup>+<\/sup> space that exceeds TBW after an acute infusion of hypertonic NaHCO<sub>3<\/sub> indicating osmotic inactivation of a fraction of retained sodium. In addition to an expanded Na<sup>+<\/sup> space, these animals have a larger HCO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u2013<\/sup> space compared with hyperbicarbonatemic animals. Both phenomena appear to reflect the wider range of titration of nonbicarbonate buffers (\u0394 pH) occurring during NaHCO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u2013<\/sup> loading whenever initial [HCO<sub>3<\/sub><sup>\u2013<\/sup>]<sub>e<\/sub> is low. The data indicate that the fate of administered bicarbonate drives the internal distribution and the external disposal of sodium, the co-administered cation, and is responsible for the early, but non-progressive, osmotic inactivation of a fraction of the retained sodium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000506274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T22:00:36Z","timestamp":1582063236000},"page":"182-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sodium Fate after Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion: Influence of Altered Acid-Base Status"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Horacio\u00a0J.","family":"Adrogu\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed\u00a0A.","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolaos\u00a0E.","family":"Madias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"container-title":["American Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/506274","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/506274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:48:40Z","timestamp":1745423320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000506274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000506274","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0250-8095","1421-9670"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0250-8095"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9670"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}