{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T03:30:46Z","timestamp":1747193446643,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;The aim of the work was to study the origin of the idea that herpes labialis (HL) in patients with pneumonia and meningitis was believed to be of prognostic importance. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;HL is caused by a primary infection or reactivation of herpes simplex type I. In the past, it has been related to pneumonia and meningitis; moreover, HL was believed to be of prognostic importance. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;A selection of 19th- and 20th-century textbooks and referred articles was consulted. The relation between meningitis and herpes, type of meningitis, and attributed diagnostic and prognostic importance were studied. In addition, the HL-pneumonia association was studied. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;The Strasbourg physician Charles-Polydore Forget was the first to describe the HL-meningitis association in 1843. Tourdes (1843), Drasche (1859), and Salomon (1864) attributed a favorable prognostic importance to the HL-meningitis relation. In a comprehensive monograph (1866), August Hirsch, although confirming the association, denied the prognostic importance through critical analysis of the data. Few authors attributed a diagnostic importance to the occurrence of HL, suggesting meningococcal meningitis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;The HL-meningitis relation, but not the prognostic importance, has been mentioned in most neurological textbooks since then. In contrast to meningitis, in which a prognostic attribution of HL was only a short-lived 19th-century idea, the favorable prognostic importance of HL in pneumonia continued to be described until the 1950s. A possible protective effect of herpesviruses has been found in recent years. One could speculate that the disappearance of the prognostic HL-pneumonia relation could be related to the introduction of antibiotics in the late 1940s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000506681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T22:00:50Z","timestamp":1585346450000},"page":"105-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Origin of the Idea That Herpes Labialis Is of Prognostic Importance in Bacterial Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8110-157X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Koehler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0964704X.2013.774246"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e318275d299"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0964704X.2011.595653"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1952.tb14230.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05762"}],"container-title":["European Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/506681","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/506681","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:52:44Z","timestamp":1745423564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000506681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000506681","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-3022","1421-9913"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0014-3022"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9913"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}