{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:59:04Z","timestamp":1792101544044,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Complement Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> A common health condition among older persons is xerosis cutis. Topical corticosteroid treatments are \u00adassociated with side effects. There is an unmet need for her\u00adbal treatment alternatives. <i>Coccinia grandis<\/i>, <i>Clerodendrum inerme<\/i> and <i>Acanthus ebracteatus<\/i> are used to treat skin con\u00additions in Thai traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, synergistic properties as well as their cytotoxicity. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> \u00adEthanolic herbal extracts were used to perform minimal \u00adinhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays on common skin pathogens. Synergistic anti\u00admicrobial activity was evaluated by a chequerboard assay. Antioxidant and synergistic properties were assessed by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Cytotoxicity was tested on normal adult human primary epidermal keratinocytes. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> All extracts showed an inhibitory effect on growth of all microorganisms tested. MIC and MBC values ranged from 0.0625 to 32 mg\/mL and from 0.0625 to &#x3e;256 mg\/mL, respectively. <i>A. ebracteatus<\/i> extract markedly demonstrated bactericidal activity against an methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> strain. Additive antimicrobial activity was observed (fractional inhibitory concentration index values: 0.75\u20131). All extracts possessed antioxidant properties (IC<sub>50<\/sub> values: 0.12\u20130.25 mg\/L). However, antagonism was observed with paired extract combinations (combination index values: 1.025\u20131.455). The cell viability assay confirmed that herbal extracts were not cytotoxic. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Our results provide early findings of pharmacological activities to support a novel choice of herbal combinations as potential local skin treatment options for xerosis cutis. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000507606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T21:00:33Z","timestamp":1591909233000},"page":"410-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of <b><i>Coccinia grandis<\/i><\/b> (L.) Voigt, <b><i>Clerodendrum inerme<\/i><\/b> (L.) Gaertn. and <b><i>Acanthus ebracteatus<\/i><\/b> Vahl. Extracts and Their Potential as a Treatment for Xerosis Cutis"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Chayanin","family":"Pratoomsoot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalin","family":"Wongkattiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donruedee","family":"Sanguansermsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000334631"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018283"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15157"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.07.005"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2017.02.006"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13580"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.10.010"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13906"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12029"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/354250"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38376.439653.D3"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/phytokeys.54.3285"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.02.039"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/978762"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000069929"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(11)60176-7"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.03.045"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7039"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-010-0102-2"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-009-0010-3"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2007.07.006"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.02.043"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9452(01)00425-3"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200902800196"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2015.12.005"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808331088"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/284301"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.03.001"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(02)00367-7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00347-6"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijbc.2009.95.98"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(00)00300-2"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(14)60589-2"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00497-10"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.20.1517"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(01)00306-5"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2340-4"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14233\/ajchem.2013.14831"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.09.041"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5020545"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.08.003"}],"container-title":["Complementary Medicine Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/507606","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/507606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:02:12Z","timestamp":1745424132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000507606"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000507606","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2504-2092","2504-2106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2504-2092","type":"print"},{"value":"2504-2106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}