{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T16:40:45Z","timestamp":1794328845756,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychother Psychosom"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> We explored whether medical health workers had more psychosocial problems than nonmedical health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> An online survey was run from February 19 to March 6, 2020; a total of 2,182 Chinese subjects participated. Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Compared with nonmedical health workers (<i>n<\/i> = 1,255), medical health workers (<i>n<\/i> = 927) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (38.4 vs. 30.5%, <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.01), anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.01), depression (12.2 vs. 9.5%; <i>p<\/i>&#x3c; 0.04), somatization (1.6 vs. 0.4%; <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (5.3 vs. 2.2%; <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.01). They also had higher total scores of ISI, GAD-2, PHQ-2, and SCL-90-R obsessive-compulsive symptoms (<i>p<\/i> \u2264 0.01). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.05 or 0.01). Living in rural areas, being female, and being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients were the most common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and depression (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.01 or 0.05). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.01 or 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000507639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T21:00:35Z","timestamp":1586466035000},"page":"242-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1117,"title":["Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Wen-rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-quan","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-xia","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-lin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-fang","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-yi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-qing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5022-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiammetta","family":"Cosci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m751"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0282-0"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.05.028"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30309-3"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30047-X"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30077-8"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.5.601"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000470847"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.019"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1230"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000330004"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000504609"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000107558"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4153-7"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3182348823"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/isbn.978-3-318-05822-2"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000448856"}],"container-title":["Psychotherapy 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