{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:33:09Z","timestamp":1780536789489,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Obes Facts"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> Exposure to food odors are known to increase food intake. Olfaction declines from age 50 years. <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> We examined changes in the sense of smell, body weight, food preferences, and parameters of metabolic status, following the use of a specially designed nasal device. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> This is a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Participants wore a nasal device (soft silicone insert) for 5\u201312 h daily (device group) or inserted 2 drops of normal saline into each nostril daily (control group). Follow-up visits occurred every 2 weeks. All participants were given a 500 kcal\/day reduced diet and instructed not to change their regular physical activity. Weight, food preferences, olfactory sensitivity, and blood tests were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Of 156 participants, 65 (42%) completed the study. Sense of smell decreased in the device group (from 6.4 \u00b1 0.9 to 4.4 \u00b1 1.5, on a scale of 0\u20137, <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001), and did not change in the control group. Weight loss decreased by 6.6 \u00b1 3.7% (<i>p<\/i> = 0.001) and by 5.7 \u00b1 3.5% (<i>p<\/i> = 0.001) in the respective groups (between-group difference, <i>p<\/i> &#x3e; 0.05). Among participants aged \u226450 years, weight loss was greater in the device than in the control group (7.7 \u00b1 4.2% vs. 4.1 \u00b1 2.9%, <i>p<\/i> = 0.02). Insulin level and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly reduced in the device group (<i>p<\/i> = 0.02 and <i>p<\/i> = 0.01, respectively), but not in the control group. Food preferences for sugar (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.02), sweet beverages (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001), and artificial sweeteners (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.02) were significantly reduced in the device group compared to the control group. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> The use of a novel self-administrated nasal device led to reduced olfactory sensitivity, improved insulin sensitivity, weight loss, and lesser preference for sweets in adults aged \u226450 years. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000508976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T21:00:27Z","timestamp":1600462827000},"page":"473-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Weight Loss, Dietary Preferences, and Reduction in the Sense of Smell with the Use of a Novel Nasal 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