{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T11:50:05Z","timestamp":1648641005046},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Strange as it may seem, von Kempelen\u2019s speaking machine from 1791 is the best result obtained in various attempts to build a mechanism similar to the speech apparatus, capable of producing a vocal signal. In this book discussion, we will illustrate von Kempelen\u2019s work, along with the attempts, across history, to build talking devices. We will highlight the 2 paths that have been followed over the centuries: \u201cvocal transport\u201d and \u201cartificial voice.\u201d The first case was a trick, because the voice was produced by a hidden subject and transported through an artifice to a head or a statue. The other path, that of research, has tried to imitate the phonatory apparatus to produce sequences of sounds somewhat similar to those that make up the speech chain. Which of the 2 paths led to the production of today\u2019s synthesized speech? The trick or the research? We will try to answer this question. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000508993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T21:01:32Z","timestamp":1596661292000},"page":"394-404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wolfgang R. von Kempelen, <b>\n                     <i>Le M\u00e9canisme de la Parole, Suivi de la Description d\u2019une Machine Parlante<\/i>\n                  <\/b>. Vienne, ed. Bauer, 1791"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Pettorino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_001_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2016.06.004","article-title":"Manipulation of the prosodic features of vocal tract length, nasality and articulatory precision using articulatory synthesis","volume":"41","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computer Speech & Language","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0885-2308","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_002_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ab2Aa","unstructured":"BrackhaneF., SproatR. & TrouvainJ.(eds) (1917): Wolfgang von Kempelen Mechanismus der menschlichen Sprache - The Mechanism of Human Speech. Kommentierte Transliteration & \u00dcbertragung ins Englische Commented Transliteration & Translation into English. TUDpress: Dresden."},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_003_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ab3Aa","volume-title":"The vowel, its nature and structure","year":"1941"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_004_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ab4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908024","article-title":"Acoustic Loci and Transitional Cues for Consonants.","volume":"27","year":"1955","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0001-4966","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_005_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ab5Aa","unstructured":"Della PortaG. B. (1611): Della Magia Naturale, Napoli. Author\u2019s translation."},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_006_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ab6Aa","volume-title":"Acoustic Theory of Speech Production","year":"1970"},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_007_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ab7Aa","first-page":"18","article-title":"Instrumentation for Parametric Synthesis (OVE II)","volume":"2\/1962","year":"1962","journal-title":"STL-QPSR No."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_008_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ab8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.6.1.110","article-title":"Phonetic categorization in auditory word perception.","volume":"6","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0096-1523","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_009_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ab9Aa","first-page":"274","article-title":"Machine parlante de M. Faber. Paris","volume":"8","year":"1879","journal-title":"Journal of Physics","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0976-7673","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_010_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ac10Aa","volume-title":"Musurgiae Universalis","year":"1650"},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_011_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ac11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6ger, B. J., & Birkholz, P. (2009). Articulatory synthesis of speech and singing: State of the art and suggestions for future research. In A.Esposito, A.Hussain, & M.Marinaro (Eds.),Multimodal Signals: Cognitive and Algorithmic Issues. LNAI 5398 (pp. 306\u2013319). Berlin: Springer Verlag. 10.1007\/978-3-642-00525-1_31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00525-1_31"},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_012_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ac12Aa","volume-title":"A phonetic study of West African languages: an auditory-instrumental survey","year":"1964"},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_013_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ac13Aa","volume-title":"Suprasegmentals","year":"1970"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_014_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ac14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1109\/TAU.1968.1161961","article-title":"The OVE III speech synthesizer","volume":"16","year":"1968","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0018-9278","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_015_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ac15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1080\/00437956.1964.11659830","article-title":"A Cross-Language Study of Voicing in Initial Stops: Acoustical Measurements","volume":"20","year":"1964","journal-title":"Word","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0043-7956","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_016_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ac16Aa","unstructured":"LosanoM. 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(2014): \u201cYoung\u201d and \u201cOld\u201d Voice: the prosodic auto-transplantation technique for speaker\u2019s age recognition.Proc. 7th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2014, 135-139, DOI: 10.21437\/SpeechProsody, 2014-15. 10.21437\/SpeechProsody.2014-15","DOI":"10.21437\/SpeechProsody.2014-15"},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_025_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ac25Aa","first-page":"1517","article-title":"Acoustic context effects in speech perception.","volume":"\u2022\u2022\u2022","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1939-5078","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2021062305143081284_j_000508993_ref_026_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab2ac26Aa","unstructured":"Trouvain, J., & Brackhane, F. (2011). 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