{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:52:14Z","timestamp":1787017934532,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflamm Intest Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is incompletely understood. Current concepts imply that environmental factors (EFs) trigger disease onset as well as flares in genetically susceptible individuals. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The objective of this study is to analyze the association between IBD and various EFs, which may influence the pathogenesis of the disease. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; 2,294 patients from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study (SIBDCS) received a questionnaire regarding EF including mode of delivery, breastfeeding, animals in household, and place of residence. The control group comprised patients\u2019 childhood friends, who grew up in a similar environment (\u201cfriends cohort\u201d). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; A total of 1,111 questionnaires were returned from SIBDCS patients (response rate: 48.4%). Breastfeeding for &amp;#x3c;6 months was associated with a decreased risk for ulcerative colitis\/indeterminate colitis (UC\/IC) (OR: 0.473, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.006). IBD patients reported less pet animals in the household than the control group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.004). The presence of cats or dogs (OR: 0.688, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.015) and pet rodents (OR: 0.598, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.001) in the household before the age of 20 was inversely associated with the risk for UC\/IC. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The present study underlines the importance of EFs in the pathogenesis of IBD. Overall, the development of UC\/IC seems to be more affected from environmental influences than from Crohn\u2019s disease. Our results imply a protective effect of possessing pet animals in household and short breastfeeding regarding the onset of UC\/IC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000509058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T17:00:32Z","timestamp":1598461232000},"page":"170-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Influence of Breastfeeding, Cesarean Section, Pet Animals, and Urbanization on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Data from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Severin 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