{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:54:52Z","timestamp":1789584892191,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Above-label doses of somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are increasingly utilized in the management of inoperable\/metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), progressing on standard 4-weekly regimens. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To evaluate the antiproliferative effect of 3-weekly SSA administration in a retrospective GEP-NET cohort. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Patients with advanced GEP-NET, treated with long-acting release (LAR) octreotide 30 mg or lanreotide Autogel 120 mg at a 3-weekly interval, after disease progression on standard 4-weekly doses, were retrospectively identified. Clinicopathologic and treatment response data were collected. Progression-free survival (PFS; dose escalation to radiographic progression or death) was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors associated with PFS were identified with the Cox proportional-hazards model. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 105 patients. Octreotide LAR was administered to 60 (57%) and lanreotide Autogel to 45 (43%). Indications for dose escalation were breakthrough carcinoid symptoms (58%), radiographic progression (35%) and\/or increasing biomarkers (11%). Diarrheal and\/or flushing symptomatic improvement was identified in 37\/67 cases (55%) and 30\/55 cases (55%) with available data, respectively. The disease control rate (radiographic partial response or stable disease) was achieved in 53 patients (50%). Median PFS was 25.0 months (95% CI 16.9\u201333.1). Patients with radiographic progression &amp;#x3c;12 months from 4-weekly SSA initiation had worse PFS after dose escalation (7.0 vs. 17.0 months, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, pancreatic NETs, a Ki-67 index \u22655% and multiple extrahepatic metastases were independently associated with inferior PFS. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Above-label doses of SSAs may offer a considerable prolongation of PFS and could be utilized as a bridge to other more toxic treatments. Patients with small bowel\/colorectal primaries, a Ki-67 index &amp;#x3c;5% and absence of\/limited extrahepatic metastases are more likely to benefit from this approach. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000509420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T21:00:29Z","timestamp":1592341229000},"page":"650-659","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Antiproliferative Effect of Above-Label Doses of Somatostatin Analogs for the Management of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Leonidas\u00a0Nikolaos","family":"Diamantopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faidon-Marios","family":"Laskaratos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markos","family":"Kalligeros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchir","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaunak","family":"Navalkissoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopinath","family":"Gnanasegaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Banks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7544-2810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michail","family":"Galanopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalvinder","family":"Mandair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyn","family":"Caplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Toumpanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000334612"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0110-y"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.03.304"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds295"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-018-0426-4"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000082875"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04083.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04693.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1360-z"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000443167"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.8510"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1316158"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0120"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607427"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S84177"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2015-0381"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.435"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6686"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510107"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz256"}],"container-title":["Neuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/509420","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/509420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:46:54Z","timestamp":1745423214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000509420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000509420","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3835","1423-0194"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3835","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0194","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]}}}