{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:35:09Z","timestamp":1778934909480,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Numerous studies have documented the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;\/i&gt; differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into kidney cells. Fewer studies have followed the fates of such kidney precursor cells (KPCs) inside animals, a more life-like setting. Here, we tested the hypothesis that implanting hPSC-derived KPCs into an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;\/i&gt; milieu surgically engineered to be highly vascular would enhance their maturation into kidney tissues. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; 3D printed chambers containing KPCs were implanted into the thighs of adult immunodeficient mice. In some chambers, an arterial and venous flow-through (AVFT) was surgically fashioned. After 3 weeks and 3 months, implants were studied by histology, using qualitative and quantitative methods. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; After 3 weeks, chambers containing AVFTs were richer in small vessels than contralateral chambers without AVFTs. Glomeruli with capillary loops and diverse types of tubules were detected in all chambers. At 3 months, chambers contained only rudimentary tubules and glomeruli that appeared avascular. In chambers with AVFTs, prominent areas of muscle-like cells were also detected near tubules and the abnormal tissues immunostained for transforming growth factor \u03b21. These features have similarities to renal dysplasia, a typical histological signature of human congenital kidney malformations. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study urges a note of caution regarding the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;\/i&gt; fates of hPSC-derived kidney precursors, with pathological differentiation appearing to follow a period of increased vascularity. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000509425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T21:01:32Z","timestamp":1596661292000},"page":"509-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Aberrant Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Precursor Cells inside Mouse Vascularized Bioreactors"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Parisa","family":"Ranjzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Jinks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir P.","family":"Salahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Bantounas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Derby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Kimber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5541-1358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian 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