{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:23:20Z","timestamp":1790619800399,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> Macrolides have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that give this class of antibiotics a role that differs from its classical use as an antibiotic, which opens new therapeutic possibilities. <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of azithromycin in preventing mechanical ventilation (MV)-induced lung injury in very-low-birth-weight preterm neonates. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of preterm neonates who received invasive MV within 72 h of birth. Patients were randomized to receive intravenous azithromycin (at a dose of 10\/mg\/kg\/day for 5 days) or placebo (0.9% saline) within 12 h of the start of MV. Two blood samples were collected (before and after intervention) for measurement of interleukins (ILs) and PCR for <i>Ureaplasma<\/i>. Patients were followed up throughout the hospital stay for the outcomes of death and broncho\u00adpulmonary dysplasia defined as need for oxygen for a period of \u226528 days of life (registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT03485703). <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> Forty patients were analyzed in the azithromycin group and 40 in the placebo group. Five days after the last dose, serum IL-2 and IL-8 levels dropped significantly in the azithromycin group. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of death and O<sub>2<\/sub> dependency at 28 days\/death in azithromycin-treated patients regardless of the detection of <i>Ureaplasma<\/i> in blood. <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Azithromycin has anti-inflammatory effects, with a decrease in cytokines after 5 days of use and a reduction in death and O<sub>2<\/sub> dependency at 28 days\/death in mechanically ventilated preterm neonates. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000509462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T21:00:31Z","timestamp":1599512431000},"page":"522-528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Use of Azithromycin for the Prevention of Lung Injury in Mechanically Ventilated Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Cristiane\u00a0R.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato\u00a0S.","family":"Procianoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9a\u00a0L.","family":"Corso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita\u00a0C.","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10244"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000239"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003056"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2016.1140734"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00091-16"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200208000-00003"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2015.08.004"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.07.027"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120486"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0138-1"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2015.00090"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-8-41"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21352"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.01.009"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0526"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.11.020"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.07.012"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03951-14"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1107-18"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000363493"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fetalneonatal-2019-318122"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31822a8662"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2008.98"}],"container-title":["Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/509462","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/509462","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:47:13Z","timestamp":1745423233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000509462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000509462","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1661-7800","1661-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1661-7800","type":"print"},{"value":"1661-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}