{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T22:31:32Z","timestamp":1784241092130,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respiration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Medical thoracoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pleural diseases. To date, no consensus exists regarding the choice of sedative and analgesic agents in patients undergoing local anesthetic thoracoscopy (LAT), and questions are raised as to whether sedatives may add to respiratory side effects. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that administration of midazolam associated with lidocaine versus lidocaine alone in patients with LAT adds to respiratory side effects. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We randomly assigned 80 patients to a 1:1 study to 2 groups: local anesthesia by lidocaine (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt; = 40) versus lidocaine and midazolam (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;\/i&gt; = 40), with the primary end point being the mean lowest oxygen saturation. The secondary end points were cardiovascular parameters, complications, days of drainage, hospital stay, and patients\u2019 quality of life (QoL) as assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The mean age of all patients was 66.6 \u00b1 13.1 years. The study comprised 50 males (62.5%). No difference was observed in the demographics between the 2 groups. No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in oxygen saturation (primary end point). A significant difference was observed in favor of the midazolam group regarding the QoL assessed by VAS. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Midazolam does not add to respiratory side effects when it is used with lidocaine for LAT, while patients\u2019 QoL is actually improved in this group. Therefore, in our department, we changed our startegy in favor of the association of lidocaine and midazolam. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000509761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T22:01:30Z","timestamp":1605736890000},"page":"789-799","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Local Anesthesia Thoracoscopy with versus without Midazolam: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Koulelidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Anevlavis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Nikitidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Periklis","family":"Pappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paschalis","family":"Ntolios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanassios","family":"Karkabounas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Boti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paschalis","family":"Steiropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Karpathiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savvas","family":"Eleftheriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8758-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios E.","family":"Froudarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Moisiuc FV, Colt HG. 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American college of chest physicians consensus statement on the use of topical anesthesia, analgesia, and sedation during flexible bronchoscopy in adult patients. <X00_Journal>Chest<\/X00_Journal>. 2011;140(5):1342\u201350."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Houghton CM, Raghuram A, Sullivan PJ, O\u2019Driscoll R. Pre-medication for bronchoscopy: a randomised double blind trial comparing alfentanil with midazolam. <X00_Journal>Respir Med<\/X00_Journal>. 2004;98(11):1102\u20137."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Stolz D, Chhajed PN, Leuppi JD, Brutsche M, Pflimlin E, Tamm M. Cough suppression during flexible bronchoscopy using combined sedation with midazolam and hydrocodone: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. <X00_Journal>Thorax<\/X00_Journal>. 2004;59(9):773\u20136."},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Greig JH, Cooper SM, Kasimbazi HJ, Monie RD, Fennerty AG, Watson B. Sedation for fibre optic bronchoscopy. <X00_Journal>Respir Med<\/X00_Journal>. 1995;89(1):53\u20136."},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Vorster MJ, Bruwer JW, Frank W, Bernasconi M, Koegelenberg CF. The use of propofol for sedation in medical thoracoscopy. <X00_Journal>Respiration<\/X00_Journal>. 2015;89(5):435."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Licker M, Diaper J, Tschopp JM. Propofol: is it really worse than midazolam in medical thoracoscopy? <X00_Journal>Respiration<\/X00_Journal>. 2015;89(5):436."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Chhajed PN, Kaegi B, Rajasekaran R, Tamm M. Detection of hypoventilation during thoracoscopy: combined cutaneous carbon dioxide tension and oximetry monitoring with a new digital sensor. <X00_Journal>Chest<\/X00_Journal>. 2005;127(2):585\u20138."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Al-Khudhairi D, Whitwam JG, McCloy RF. 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Serum concentrations of lignocaine before, during and after fiberoptic bronchoscopy. <X00_Journal>Respiration<\/X00_Journal>. 2000;67(1):13\u20137."},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Miura M, Uchida S, Tanaka S, Inui N, Kawakami J, Watanabe H, et al. The prediction of the area under the curve and clearance of midazolam from single-point plasma concentration and urinary excretion in healthy volunteers. <X00_Journal>Biol Pharm Bull<\/X00_Journal>. 2019;42(9):1590\u20135."},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"Guo T, Mao GF, Xia DY, Su XY, Zhao LS. Pharmacokinetics of midazolam tablet in different chinese ethnic groups. <X00_Journal>J Clin Pharm Ther<\/X00_Journal>. 2011;36(3):406\u201311."},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Schurg R, Biscoping J, Bachmann MB, Hempelmann G. [is the plasma protein binding of lidocaine modified by the simultaneous administration of midazolam?] <X00_Journal>Reg Anaesth<\/X00_Journal>. 1991;14:74\u201377."}],"container-title":["Respiration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/509761","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/509761","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:49:58Z","timestamp":1745423398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000509761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000509761","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-7931","1423-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-7931","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0356","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}}}