{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:26:00Z","timestamp":1745468760074,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Folia Phoniatr Logop"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Mastering the phonetics of a second language (L2) involves a component of speech-motor skill, and it has been suggested that L2 learners aiming to achieve a more native-like pronunciation could benefit from practice structured in accordance with the &lt;i&gt;principles of motor learning&lt;\/i&gt;. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Participants and Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; This study investigated the influence one such principle, high versus low variability in practice, has on speech-motor learning for Korean adults seeking to acquire native-like production of English rhotics. Practice incorporated a commercially available intraoral placement device (\u201cR Buddy,\u201d Speech Buddies Inc.). In a single-subject across-behaviors design, 8 participants were pseudorandomly assigned to practice rhotic targets in a low-variability (single word) or high-variability (multiple words) practice condition. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The hypothesized advantage for high-variability over low-variability practice was observed in the short-term time frame. However, long-term learning was limited in nature for both conditions. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; These results suggest that future research should incorporate high-variability practice while identifying additional manipulations to maximize the magnitude of long-term generalization learning. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000510621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T21:00:32Z","timestamp":1602882032000},"page":"384-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of Practice Variability on Second-Language Speech Production Training"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Bu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Nagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daphna","family":"Harel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067377"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2008\/025)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.16.4.677"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2011\/09-0005)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/11-0120)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2011\/09-0082)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/jslp.17038.tho"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1642624"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2951481"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4784878"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.418333"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17549507.2017.1359334"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-1770.1983.tb00946.x"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360.0201.84"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1894649"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.408177"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206911"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2012\/11-0083)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2013\/12-0139)"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2013\/12-0103)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-006-9013-7"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/14376-008"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-S-18-0075"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02288586"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076770"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00440"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00567"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.002"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-S-14-0034"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952675799003693"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2016.0019"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wocn.2020.100978"}],"container-title":["Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/510621","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/510621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T15:58:09Z","timestamp":1745423889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000510621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000510621","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1021-7762","1421-9972"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1021-7762"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1421-9972"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]}}}