{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T22:14:45Z","timestamp":1778364885896,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmic Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> The aim of the study was to evaluate the refractive status and ocular biometric parameters in subjects with angle closure in Malaysia. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> This cross-sectional study was conducted on 171 primary angle closure patients (268 eyes). Visual acuity, refraction, and ocular biometry (central anterior chamber depth [ACD], axial length [AL], and lens thickness) were recorded. Vitreous cavity length (VL) and relative lens position (RLP) were calculated. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> A total of 92 Primary Angle Closure Suspect (PACS), 30 Primary Angle Closure (PAC), and 146 Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG) eyes were included. Chinese ethnicity formed the majority (<i>n<\/i> = 197, 73.5%), followed by Malay (<i>n<\/i> = 57, 21.3%) and Indian (<i>n<\/i> = 14, 5.2%). There was a significant female preponderance with a female to male ratio of 1.85. Mean age was 65.7 \u00b1 7.7 years. Mean spherical equivalent was +0.33 \u00b1 1.29 D. Approximately half (<i>n<\/i> = 137, 51%) of the eyes were hyperopic (spherical power \u2265+0.5), with PACG having the highest percentage of hyperopia (<i>n<\/i> = 69, 50.4%). Myopia and emmetropia were present in 48 (17.9) and 83 (31%) eyes, respectively. Although AL and VL in myopia patients were significantly longer than emmetropic and hyperopic eyes (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001), the ACD was not significantly different (<i>p<\/i> = 0.427). While the RLP is smaller in myopic eyes, lens thickness was increased in hyperopic eyes. PACG was significantly higher in elderly patients compared to PACS and PAC (<i>p<\/i> = 0.005). A total of 37 (13.8%) eyes were blind (vision worse than 3\/60) and 19 of them (51.3%) were female patients. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> A decrease in RLP is predictive of angle closure disease in myopic eyes, whereas increased lens thickness contributes to angle closure disease in hyperopic eyes. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000510925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T21:01:45Z","timestamp":1597784505000},"page":"246-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of Refractive Status and Ocular Biometric Parameters in Primary Angle Closure Disease"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Chow Chin","family":"Loh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haireen","family":"Kamaruddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mae-Lynn Catherine","family":"Bastion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahat","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazlita","family":"Mohd Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5137-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norshamsiah","family":"Md. Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.5.686"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.127"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000107498"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394(99)00455-9"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165281"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2016.02.001"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318064c803"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.02.006"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.10.006"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11725"},{"key":"ref15"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2006.01.218"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-010-0918-6"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_641_18"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.10.014"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/510925","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/510925","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:01:23Z","timestamp":1745424083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000510925"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000510925","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-3747","1423-0259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-3747","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]}}}