{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T04:26:19Z","timestamp":1745468779612,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimmunomodulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Major depressive disorder is considered a global public health problem. Inflammatory processes are likely involved in its pathophysiology, but the underlying mechanisms have remained uncertain.&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt;Here, we used the model of systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to test the hypothesis that depressive-like behaviors occur along with changes in the levels of cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus (HC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hypothalamus (HT), and can be prevented by dexamethasone administration. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Adult C57Bl\/6 male mice were first isolated for 10 days, and thereafter received an injection of dexamethasone (6 mg\/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]), saline followed by LPS (0.83 mg\/kg, i.p.), or saline. After 6 h, animals were subjected to the forced-swim test (FST) and open-field tests. Immediately after the behavioral tests, they were euthanized and their brains were collected for the biochemical analyses. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; LPS increased the immobility time and reduced the distance travelled in the FST and open-field test, respectively. Dexamethasone increased the immobility time in saline-treated mice but reduced this behavior in the LPS group. LPS increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 in most of the regions evaluated. Dexamethasone prevented LPS-induced IL-6 in the HC, PFC, and HT. Interestingly, dexamethasone increased IL-4 and IL-10 levels in both the LPS- and saline-treated groups. Although dexamethasone reduced BDNF in saline-treated mice, it prevented LPS-induced reduction in this neurotrophic factor. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; In summary, dexamethasone decreased proinflammatory and increased anti-inflammatory levels of cytokines and prevented a reduction in BDNF levels induced by the inflammatory stimulus. Thus, the attenuation of depressive-like behavior induced by dexamethasone may be related to the effects on these parameters. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000511181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T22:00:32Z","timestamp":1605132032000},"page":"87-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of Brain Cytokines and the Level of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in an Inflammatory Model of 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