{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:54:07Z","timestamp":1777517647227,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nephron"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> A significant proportion of children with SSNS (steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome) experience recurrence. Reliable biomarkers to predict flare are currently lacking because the pathogenesis of SSNS remains obscure. <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> Since B cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of SSNS, we aimed to identify perturbations of B-cell subsets that might predict SSNS relapse. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> We measured levels of circulating B-cell subsets in 69 SSNS children by flow cytometry, between 2018 and 2019. We divided them into a relapse group and a nonrelapse group according to whether a relapse occurred within 1 year of follow-up. We used Cox survival analysis to assess correlations between B-cell subsets and relapse. In addition, recurrence-free survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> The proportion of transitional B cells was significantly lower in the relapse group (5.3 \u00b1 5.1% vs. 8.7 \u00b1 4.3% in nonrelapse group, <i>p<\/i> = 0.007), while the proportion of memory B cells was significantly higher (8.4 \u00b1 3.0% vs. 5.8 \u00b1 3.3% in nonrelapse, <i>p<\/i> = 0.002). There was a significant decrease in the transitional B-cell to memory B-cell ratio (T\/M) in the relapse group (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that transitional B cells, memory B cells, and the T\/M ratio were significantly correlated with relapse in SSNS patients (<i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that only T\/M ratio (hazard ratio 0.278, 95% confidence interval 0.085\u20130.908, <i>p<\/i> = 0.034) was an independent risk factor for recurrence-free survival in SSNS patients. A cutoff value for the T\/M ratio of 1.16 resulted in a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80% (area under the curve 0.909; <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001). Kaplan-Meier curves of cumulative relapse-free survival, stratified by this cutoff value, were constructed, which showed that the cumulative relapse-free rates for cutoff values of &#x3e;1.16 (<i>n<\/i> = 38) and \u22641.16 (<i>n<\/i> = 31) were 76.3 and 29.0%, respectively (\u03c7<sup>2<\/sup> = 18.416, <i>p<\/i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:<\/i><\/b> Decreased transitional B\/memory B ratio is associated with SSNS recurrence in the reported cohort. Thus, it may prove to be a useful marker to predict SSNS relapse in children. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000511319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T22:00:33Z","timestamp":1608674433000},"page":"107-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Decreased Circulating Transitional B-Cell to Memory B-Cell Ratio Is a Risk Factor for Relapse in Children with Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingang","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9724-6493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.05000516"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.08.006"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0074-7"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4095-z"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00377"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015050523"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0088-7"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09430915"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1194-x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.200"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3480309"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-009-0025-2"}],"container-title":["Nephron"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/511319","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/511319","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:06:05Z","timestamp":1745424365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000511319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000511319","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-8151","2235-3186"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-8151","type":"print"},{"value":"2235-3186","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]}}}