{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:15:57Z","timestamp":1783448157226,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1936,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Introduction: Since December 2019, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has been identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, China. The classic presentation of COVID-19 infection was described as fever, myalgia, cough, and fatigue. Whether coronavirus can directly attack the endocrine glands is unclear. Objective: Post-viral subacute thyroiditis (SAT, de Quervain thyroiditis) has been reported following other viral infection. A limited number of SAT after COVID-19 infection have been reported up to now. Methods: Here, we reported 6 patients with SAT and positive COVID-19 serology tests. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, and imaging data were presented. Results: In this study, 6 patients (4 women and 2 men) with clinician manifestations and physical examination in favor of SAT were described. Cervical ultrasonography showed bilateral hypoechoic areas in the thyroid gland which was suggestive of SAT. Elevated C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, free thyroxine, free tri-iodothyronine, and undetectable thyrotropin were found in laboratory evaluations. Both IgM and IgG were positive for COVID-19 infection, but the PCR tests were negative in all patients. Patients had history of working in a COVID center and\/or family member hospitalized due to COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients were followed up for 1 month and were treated effectively with steroids. Conclusion: This report may help physicians to identify lesser-known manifestations and complications of COVID-19. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 infection results in the prevention of further transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000511707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T18:00:31Z","timestamp":1604080831000},"page":"321-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Subacute Thyroiditis in COVID-19 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Saeed","family":"Sohrabpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farrokh","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0609-7558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ardavan","family":"Tajdini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8204-9726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firouzeh","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026070713000760100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6905e1","article-title":"Initial public Health response and interim clinical guidance for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak: United States, December 31, 2019\u2013February 4, 2020","volume":"69","author":"Patel","year":"2020  7","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026070713000760100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2020.1289","article-title":"Emerging 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perspective","volume":"34","author":"Recalcati","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026070713000760100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30266-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-related atypical thyroiditis","volume":"8","author":"Muller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026070713000760100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-5","article-title":"Viruses and thyroiditis: an update","volume":"6","author":"Desailloud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"2026070713000760100_ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"A case of subacute thyroiditis associated with Covid-19 infection","author":"Kalkan","year":"2020  5","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026070713000760100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01311-8","article-title":"Endocrine complications of COVID-19: what happens to the thyroid and adrenal glands?","volume":"43","author":"Bellastella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026070713000760100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dgaa276","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa276","article-title":"Subacute thyroiditis after SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"105","author":"Brancatella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070713000760100_ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: a potential trigger for subacute thyroiditis? Insights from a case report","author":"Ippolito","year":"2020  2","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026070713000760100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.0740","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 852 patients with subacute thyroiditis before treatment","volume":"47","author":"Nishihara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern Med"}],"container-title":["European Thyroid Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/511707","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/etj\/article-pdf\/9\/6\/321\/34823\/etj511707.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/etj\/article-pdf\/9\/6\/321\/34823\/etj511707.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:30:02Z","timestamp":1783445402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/etj\/article\/9\/6\/321\/4718\/Subacute-Thyroiditis-in-COVID-19-Patients"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000511707","relation":{},"ISSN":["2235-0802","2235-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2235-0802","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2235-0640","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]}}}