{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:13:14Z","timestamp":1761808394250,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), involves several organs through participation of angiotensin-conversion enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. The presence of ACE2 receptors in the liver renders this organ a potential target for the novel coronavirus. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; We performed 14 complete autopsies of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. In each case we stained liver tissue sections with haematoxylin\/eosin, Masson blue trichrome stain, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Perls, and performed cytokeratin-7 (CK7) immunochemistry. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Macroscopically, livers were pale and yellowish in 8 of 14 (57%) patients, and had a nutmeg appearance in the other 6 cases (42%). Histologically, centrolobular necrosis was observed in 12 cases (86%), and was associated with discreet to moderate lobular or portal inflammation. Steatosis was seen in 8 cases (57%), but fibrosis was rare. Cholestasis and discrete bile duct proliferation was observed in 5 cases (36%). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Discussion\/Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The main histological changes can be explained by the hypoxic status as a result of severe hypoxemic pneumonia leading to death. Drug toxicity may also play a role in certain cases. Other histological changes may be explained by previous hepatic conditions or underlying hepatic diseases. We concluded that COVID-19 infection was not associated with a specific histopathological pattern of the liver. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000512008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T22:00:33Z","timestamp":1603836033000},"page":"88-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The Liver in COVID-19-Related Death: Protagonist or Innocent Bystander?"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Gr\u00e9gory","family":"Schmit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Lelotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Vanhaebost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Horsmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-928X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mieke","family":"Van\u00a0Bockstal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Baldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m799"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051472"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1909017"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012885"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa062"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-2003"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0536-x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2020-206522"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.003"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.03.001"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25973"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-020-00258-9"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsisyn.2020.04.001"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30154-9"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02166-2"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa106"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2020.04.031"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30937-5"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.03.931766"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/81.9.1232"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000000250"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x"}],"container-title":["Pathobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/512008","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/512008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T16:12:56Z","timestamp":1745424776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000512008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000512008","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1015-2008","1423-0291"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1015-2008"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0291"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]}}}