{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:49:50Z","timestamp":1791474590622,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Cancer patients can suffer from psychological and cognitive disorders after chemotherapy, which influence quality of life. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Oxidative stress may contribute to the psychological and cognitive disorders induced in rats by chemotherapy. In the present study, we examined the effects of N-acetylcysteine, an anti-oxidant, on anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment in rats treated with a combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Rats were intraperitoneally injected with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide once a week for 2 weeks. The light-dark test and the novel location recognition test were used to assess anxiety-like behavior and spatial cognition, respectively. The rats\u2019 hippocampal levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were measured using a GSSG\/GSH quantification kit. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Combined treatment with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide produced anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment in rats. N-acetylcysteine reversed the anxiety-like behavior and inhibition of novel location recognition induced by the combination treatment. Furthermore, the combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide significantly reduced the rats\u2019 hippocampal GSH\/GSSG ratios. N-acetylcysteine reversed the reduction in the GSH\/GSSG ratio seen in the doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-treated rats. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; These results suggest that N-acetylcysteine inhibits doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-induced anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment by reducing oxidative stress in the hippocampus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000512117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T17:00:33Z","timestamp":1608656433000},"page":"286-293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["N-Acetylcysteine Attenuates the Anxiety-Like Behavior and Spatial Cognition Impairment Induced by Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide Combination Treatment in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3652-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Ushio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Sumiyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudai","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuko","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Asanuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Sendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2018.10.001"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.06.007"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-016-1338-z"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2571-y"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951506060469"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.2.485"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.14.2695"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990201)85:3<640::AID-CNCR14>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.01.119"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.094"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.06.015"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00794-3"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1333.062"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.02.013"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.008"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1574886314666190506100717"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.02.055"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.10.010"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.046"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.100057"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21158"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2013.01.001"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.11228SC"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9120892"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/02169216302pm507oa"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404900606"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2005.05.001"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(98)00079-5"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015909787602823"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1996.0191"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00504-5"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2015.1022"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760500143478"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.01.021"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10102-010-0012-4"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2014_299"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-1949-2"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-019-03827-0"}],"container-title":["Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/512117","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/512117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T12:14:09Z","timestamp":1745410449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000512117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"references-count":39,"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