{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T08:06:05Z","timestamp":1769587565115,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<b><i>Introduction:<\/i><\/b> Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a refractory chronic disease defined by recurrent nasal polyps with severe eosinophilic infiltration. This is mainly due to enhanced type 2-dominant immune responses, but the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. <b><i>Objective and Methods:<\/i><\/b> In the present study, we aimed to determine the characteristics of dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine profiles of T cells in the peripheral blood of individuals with ECRS and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). <b><i>Results and Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> The ratios of myeloid (m)DC1s to DCs and PD-L1<sup>+<\/sup> mDC1s to mDC1s were higher in ECRS patients than in HC. The proportions of plasmacytoid (p)DCs in DCs, and human leukocyte antigen-DR<sup>+<\/sup> pDCs and ILT3<sup>+<\/sup> pDCs in pDCs were lower in ECRS patients than in HC. In a characterization of T cells, IL-4<sup>+<\/sup>CD4<sup>+<\/sup>, IFN-\u03b3<sup>+<\/sup>CD4<sup>+<\/sup>, IL-4<sup>+<\/sup>IFN-\u03b3<sup>+<\/sup>CD4<sup>+<\/sup>, IL-4<sup>+<\/sup>Foxp3<sup>+<\/sup>CD4<sup>+<\/sup>, IFN-\u03b3<sup>+<\/sup>Foxp3<sup>+<\/sup>CD4<sup>+<\/sup>, IFN-\u03b3<sup>+<\/sup>IL-4<sup>\u2212<\/sup>Foxp3<sup>\u2212<\/sup>CD4<sup>+<\/sup>, IL-4<sup>+<\/sup>CD8<sup>+<\/sup>, IL-4<sup>+<\/sup>IFN-\u03b3<sup>+<\/sup>CD8<sup>+<\/sup>, and IL-4<sup>+<\/sup>Foxp3<sup>+<\/sup>CD8<sup>+<\/sup> T-cell populations were significantly higher in ECRS patients than in HC. These results suggest that the enhanced immune regulation of mDC1, diminished capacity of pDCs, and increased proportion of the T-cell phenotypes in peripheral blood might be factors in ECRS pathogenesis. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000512591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T22:01:15Z","timestamp":1611612075000},"page":"535-545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Altered Immune Regulation of Dendritic Cells and Enhanced Cytokine Production of T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Chronic 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