{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:09:59Z","timestamp":1781651399156,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic caused by the \u201csevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u201d (SARS-CoV-2), which was isolated for the first time in Wuhan (China) in December 2019. Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, dyspnea and hypogeusia\/hyposmia. Among extrapulmonary signs associated with COVID-19, dermatological manifestations have been increasingly reported in the last few months. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Summary:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; The polymorphic nature of COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestations led our group to propose a classification, which distinguishes the following six main clinical patterns: (i) urticarial rash, (ii) confluent erythematous\/maculopapular\/morbilliform rash, (iii) papulovesicular exanthem, (iv) chilblain-like acral pattern, (v) livedo reticularis\/racemosa-like pattern, (vi) purpuric \u201cvasculitic\u201d pattern. This review summarizes the current knowledge on COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestations, focusing on clinical features and therapeutic management of each category and attempting to give an overview of the hypothesized pathophysiological mechanisms of these conditions. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000512932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T22:02:35Z","timestamp":1606255355000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["Skin Manifestations Associated with COVID-19: Current Knowledge and Future 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