{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:06:57Z","timestamp":1790788017246,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Digit Biomark"],"abstract":"<b><i>Background:<\/i><\/b> Assuring adequate antibiotic tissue concentrations at the point of infection, especially in skin and soft tissue infections, is pivotal for an effective treatment and cure. Despite the global issue, a reliable AB monitoring test is missing. Inadequate antibiotic treatment leads to the development of antimicrobial resistances and toxic side effects. \u03b2-lactam antibiotics were already detected in sweat of patients treated with the respective antibiotics intravenously before. With the emergence of smartphone-based biosensors to analyse sweat on the spot of need, next-generation molecular digital biomarkers will be increasingly available for a non-invasive pharmacotherapy monitoring. <b><i>Objective:<\/i><\/b> Here, we investigated if the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin is detectable in sweat samples of in-patients treated with intravenous vancomycin. <b><i>Methods:<\/i><\/b> Eccrine sweat samples were collected using the Macroduct Sweat Collector\u00ae. Along every sweat sample, a blood sample was taken. Bio-fluid analysis was performed by Ultra-high Pressure Liquid Chromatograph-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. <b><i>Results:<\/i><\/b> A total of 5 patients were included. Results demonstrate that vancomycin was detected in 5 out of 5 sweat samples. Specifically, vancomycin concentrations ranged from 0.011 to 0.118 mg\/L in sweat and from 4.7 to 8.5 mg\/L in blood. <b><i>Conclusion:<\/i><\/b> Our results serve as proof-of-concept that vancomycin is detectable in eccrine sweat and may serve as a surrogate marker for antibiotic tissue penetration. A targeted vancomycin treatment is crucial in patients with repetitive need for antibiotics and a variable antibiotic distribution such as in peripheral artery disease to optimize treatment effectiveness. If combined with on-skin smartphone-based biosensors and smartphone applications, the detection of antibiotic concentrations in sweat might enable a first digital, on-spot, lab-independent and non-invasive therapeutic drug monitoring in skin and soft tissue infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000512947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T17:04:29Z","timestamp":1610643869000},"page":"24-28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Detection of Vancomycin in Sweat: A Next-Generation Digital Surrogate Marker for Antibiotic Tissue Penetration: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1159","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0186-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"No\u00e9","family":"Brasier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Osthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Mutke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiorangelo","family":"De\u00a0Ieso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Brasier-Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kitty","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linxing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey\u00a0D.","family":"Broeckling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Prenni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"127","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000504387"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00476"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-252"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206893"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990903512057"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200006000-00009"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/14-036.1"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2017.04.003"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau6356"}],"container-title":["Digital Biomarkers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/512947","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Pdf\/512947","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T12:09:21Z","timestamp":1745410161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/karger.com\/article\/doi\/10.1159\/000512947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000512947","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2504-110X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2504-110X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]}}}