{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:31:08Z","timestamp":1781879468630,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"S. Karger AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Services\/SiteLicenses"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Allergy Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Urticaria can be the only sign of a food allergy or can be seen together with other signs and symptoms of a food allergy. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; To determine the demographic, etiologic, and clinical features of food-induced acute urticaria in childhood. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Patients suspected of food-induced acute urticaria were included in this prospective cross-sectional multicenter study. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Two hundred twenty-nine urticaria cases were included in this study. Seventeen patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria of the study were excluded. Of the 212 included cases, 179 (84.4%) were diagnosed with definitive food-induced acute urticaria. The most common foods causing acute urticaria were cow\u2019s milk, hen\u2019s eggs, and nuts in 56.4, 35.2, and 19% of cases, respectively. The positive predictive value of a history of milk-induced acute urticaria together with a milk-specific IgE &amp;#x3e;5 kU\/L for cow\u2019s milk-induced acute urticaria was 92% (95% CI: 81\u201396%). A history of cow\u2019s milk-induced and\/or hen\u2019s egg-induced acute urticaria was consistent with a definitive diagnosis of food-induced urticaria (Chen\u2019s kappa: 0.664 and 0.627 for milk and eggs, respectively). Urticaria activity scores were higher in patients with food-induced acute urticaria (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;\/i&gt; = 0.002). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;\/i&gt;&lt;\/b&gt; Cow\u2019s milk, hen\u2019s eggs, and nuts were the most common allergens in the etiology of childhood food-induced acute urticaria. Although the urticaria activity score provides guidance for diagnosis, an oral food challenge is often essential for the definitive diagnosis of a patient with a history of food-induced acute urticaria. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1159\/000513267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T21:05:45Z","timestamp":1617051945000},"page":"607-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Proven Food-Induced Acute Urticaria and Predictive Factors for Definitive Diagnosis in 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